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Compared to the SNI group, the AES group showed significantly improved hindlimb motor performance; increased gastrocnemius wet weight ratio; enlarged myofiber cross-sectional area; enhanced muscle histomorphology; reduced expression of pro-inflammatory and atrophy-related markers, including tumor necrosis factor-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , muscle RING-finger protein-1, and muscle atrophy F-box\/atrogin-1; and upregulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 in denervated skeletal muscle. Importantly, histopathological examination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed the\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    biocompatibility of the implanted CNTF electrodes, without chronic inflammation, fibrosis, or systemic toxicity. Electrochemical impedance measurements confirmed that the CNTFs maintained low impedance over the 21 d implantation period, indicating good\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    stability. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the minimally invasive implantable AES system is an effective therapeutic strategy against SNI-induced muscle atrophy in rats.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605x\/ae7fc4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T22:52:41Z","timestamp":1781909561000},"page":"045016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acupoint electrical stimulation with implantable carbon nanotube electrodes mitigates sciatic nerve injury-induced muscle atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6219-5309","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Simin","family":"Ning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1673-133X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yemao","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2691-9495","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qixuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3132-5612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aotian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine"},{"name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7871-7114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7888-8054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2791-1763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University"},{"name":"Zhengzhou University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5388-3863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiulong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1021-2915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeli","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1085-8330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunjuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2466-5720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2282-716X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anyuan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8031-5667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cunzhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9677-5366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baoyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7860-6552","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenjing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bmmae7fc4bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2432-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of vinorine on sciatic nerve injured rat","volume":"43","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurochem. 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