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Mater."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Injury to the growth plate, a cartilage tissue found at the ends of children\u2019s long bones that is responsible for bone elongation, can result in bony repair tissue (or bony bar). The bony bar connects bone on both sides of the growth plate, preventing normal bone elongation. This can lead to abnormal growth and if severe, complete growth arrest. While surgical resection of this bar is performed clinically, the interpositional materials used to replace it are susceptible to bony bar reformation. Here, we developed a novel interpositional material based on a biodegradable,\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    photopolymerizable, biomimetic hydrogel with tethered TGF\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    3.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies with rat mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) encapsulated in the hydrogel and cultured for 9 weeks\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed that tethered TGF\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    3 led to a hyaline-like cartilage with collagen type II, while soluble TGF\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    3 produced tissue characteristic of fibrocartilage, confirmed by collagen type I. Treatment of a rat growth plate injury with the TGF\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    3-tethered hydrogel with or without MSCs decreased bony bar formation and showed evidence of cartilage-like tissue after four weeks, while addition of MSCs promoted limb lengthening. This hydrogel with tethered TGF\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    3 offers an innovative treatment for growth plate injuries by acting as an interpositional material that resists bony bar formation and restores growth.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605x\/ae810c","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T22:53:13Z","timestamp":1782255193000},"page":"045003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An injectable biomimetic hydrogel with tethered TGF\n                    <i>\u03b2<\/i>\n                    3 for treatment in a rat growth plate injury model"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Aisenbrey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Boulder"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7129-6791","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francisco","family":"Rodriguez-Fontan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A","family":"Schoonraad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher B","family":"Erickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz"},{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0292-0954","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yangyi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz"},{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey M","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1277-7242","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristine M","family":"Fischenich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurel","family":"Stefani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Boulder"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2230-4497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin A","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1907-5216","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephanie J","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Boulder"},{"name":"Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder"},{"name":"BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bmmae810cbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199011000-00002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Distribution of physeal and nonphyseal fractures in 2,650 long-bone fractures in children aged 0\u201316 years","volume":"10","author":"Mann","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2025-12-15","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-06-23","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-07-07","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}