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Mater."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Macroencapsulation systems for pancreatic islet delivery are an emerging strategy for cell replacement therapy in type 1 diabetes, aimed at eliminating systemic immunosuppression and enabling the use of alternative cell sources. A critical design challenge is to achieve high packing densities while maintaining sufficient oxygen and nutrient supply to ensure islet viability and function. This design-focused study presents a one-step method for the simultaneous and defined formation and spatial arrangement of uniformly sized pancreatic pseudoislets using high-density concave microwell arrays with potential for future integration into macroencapsulation devices. Microwells with diameters between 130 and 200 \u00b5m were arranged in a hexagonal pattern with inter-well spacings of 50 or 100 \u00b5m to maximize the packing density while maintaining separation between clusters. The effects of microwell depth, diameter, and inter-well spacing on pseudoislet size, morphology, viability, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion were systematically evaluated using reaggregated rat islet cells as a standardized and well-characterized model system under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The optimized microwell configuration enabled efficient pseudoislet formation with a tailorable, uniform size, high viability, and preserved insulin secretory function, even at high densities. This scalable microwell array technology addresses key limitations of current pseudoislet culture and transplantation methods, thus providing a base for improved macroencapsulation device design in diabetes cell therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605x\/ae88a4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T22:53:51Z","timestamp":1783637631000},"page":"045023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-density microwell arrays enable controlled pseudoislet engineering for diabetes cell therapy"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0668-7157","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charline","family":"Rosenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research"},{"name":"Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum 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