{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T07:13:06Z","timestamp":1788333186306,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Mater."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Injectable hydrogels are widely investigated as carriers for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); however, the influence of ionic crosslinking strategy on injectability-relevant properties and early\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    cell responses remains insufficiently defined from a design perspective. In this study, alginate-based hydrogels were prepared using three ionic crosslinking approaches-internal (CaCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/ glucono-delta-lactone (GDL)), external (CaCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and combined gelation-and comparatively evaluated as delivery matrices for human adipose-derived MSCs. The hydrogels were characterized in terms of microstructural features, weight variation behavior, viscoelastic properties, protein diffusion, and early biological performance. Rheological analysis revealed a broad range of mechanical responses, with storage moduli varying from approximately 10\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u201310\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    Pa depending on the crosslinking mechanism. Internally-gelled hydrogels exhibited a softer, more deformable network and a wider linear viscoelastic region, while externally and double-crosslinked hydrogels showed increased stiffness but more brittle behavior. Microstructural observations indicated larger and more interconnected pores in internally crosslinked systems compared to the denser networks formed via external gelation.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    biological assessments, including metabolic activity, DNA quantification, and post-injection viability, demonstrated that the crosslinking strategy significantly affected early cell fate. Notably, internally-crosslinked hydrogels supported higher cell viability and metabolic activity while maintaining superior post-injection cell survival (&gt;95%), whereas double-crosslinked hydrogels showed lower viability following syringe delivery consistent with their higher stiffness and lower deformation tolerance. Overall, this comparative study highlights the trade-offs between mechanical integrity, handling during syringe delivery, and early biological performance in ionically-crosslinked alginate hydrogels. The findings provide practical design-oriented guidance for selecting alginate crosslinking strategies in injectable MSCs delivery systems where minimally invasive administration and early cell survival are critical considerations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605x\/ae9ae6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:53:43Z","timestamp":1787007223000},"page":"055001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Engineering injectable alginate hydrogels for mesenchymal stem cell delivery: comparative evaluation of ionic crosslinking strategies and early\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Haghbin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahboubeh","family":"Kazemi Noughabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Esmaeili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid Reza","family":"Bidkhori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)"},{"name":"Hudson Institute of Medical Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasser","family":"Sanjar Mousavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halimeh","family":"Hassanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6681-1840","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alireza","family":"Sadeghi-Avalshahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bmmae9ae6bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2015.0635","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Challenges in the treatment of chronic wounds","volume":"4","author":"Frykberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. 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