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Mater."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Peripheral nerve defect repair remains a clinical challenge. Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are potential alternatives to autografts, but their performance can be compromised by the oxidative and inflammatory microenvironment after injury. Here, we fabricated MnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -loaded hydrogel NGCs at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 \u03bcg ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and evaluated them in a rat model of a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect. Among the three concentrations, the MnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    @NMgel-10 (10 \u03bcg ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) group yielded a higher sciatic functional index, denser and more orderly regenerated nerve tissue, and less gastrocnemius muscle atrophy than the hydrogel-only and higher-dose conduit groups. Early tissue analysis showed that the MnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    @NMgel-10 group exhibited increased infiltration of CD86\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD206\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells, upregulated expression of IL-10, and significantly downregulated expression of IL-1\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , TNF-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and 4-HNE. Furthermore, the MnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    @NMgel-10 group showed satisfactory biosafety and biocompatibility. These findings reveal a non-monotonic concentration response and preliminarily confirm the feasibility of low-dose MnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -functionalized hydrogel NGCs for repairing peripheral nerve defects, providing new insights into the application of MnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    as a supplementary material for NGC fabrication.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605x\/aea2fc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T22:54:28Z","timestamp":1788562468000},"page":"055006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MnO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    -loaded hydrogel nerve guidance conduit for peripheral nerve regeneration: an\n                    <i>in vivo<\/i>\n                    study in the rat sciatic nerve defect model"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jintan Hospital, Jiangsu University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jintan Hospital, Jiangsu University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahe","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Taizhou People\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tzu Chi International College of Traditional Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jintan Hospital, Jiangsu University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jintan Hospital, Jiangsu University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jintan Hospital, Jiangsu University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jintan Hospital, Jiangsu University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0213-194X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yongbin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jintan Hospital, Jiangsu University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jintan Hospital, Jiangsu University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bmmaea2fcbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0001-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Intrinsic mechanisms of neuronal axon regeneration","volume":"19","author":"Mahar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2026-05-06","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-09-04","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-09-16","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}