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Mater."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Postoperative pain management is one of the significant components of patient care, with the reduction of the risks of complications. However, there is a perceived unmet need for pain management due to both the adverse effects of systemic analgesics and the shortcomings of local anaesthetics. In this study, ropivacaine (RPC)- and ascorbic acid (AA)-loaded hyaluronic acid\/Pluronic F127 (HA\/F127) composite thermosensitive hydrogels were prepared for sustained analgesia and antioxidant activity. The HA\/F127 hydrogels showed temperature-responsive sol\u2013gel behavior with injectable properties at 4\u00b0 C\u201320 \u00b0C. In addition, the hydrogels showed sustained release of RPC and AA over 72 h with significant radical scavenging activity.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies indicated that the HA\/F127 hydrogels resulted in increased mechanical withdrawal thresholds compared to free RPC, without causing motor impairment, and plasma levels of IL-1\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and IL-6 were reduced. In addition, hematological, biochemical, and histological analyses showed acceptable ranges of biocompatibility without evidence of systemic toxicity or adverse local tissue reactions. Thus, the thermosensitive HA\/F127 composite hydrogels provided sustained drug release, prolonged analgesic effects, reduced inflammatory responses, and acceptable biocompatibility. These findings indicate that these thermosensitive composite hydrogels may be a promising strategy for local drug delivery in managing postoperative pain and inflammation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605x\/aeb3e1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:54:56Z","timestamp":1791932096000},"page":"055025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ropivacaine- and ascorbic acid-loaded thermosensitive hydrogels for pain management"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3807-8917","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"In Kyu","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ulsan College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3219-5438","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyun Ho","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of JABA, Wonkwang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6891-238X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Da Han","family":"Hyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart Convergence Materials Analysis Center, Wonkwang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2844-5880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chung-Ang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5443-6748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun Seok","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyungpook National University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0279-7477","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ji Hyun","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of JABA, Wonkwang University"},{"name":"Smart Convergence Materials Analysis Center, Wonkwang University"},{"name":"Wonkwang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bmmaeb3e1bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2018.06.012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Procedure-specific pain management (PROSPECT)\u2014an update","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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