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Three of 35 homes exhibited a stove-off leak that, combined with city-median benzene in gas, resulted in modeled benzene enhancements above the European Union\u2019s annual limit value (1.6 ppbv). The combination of high benzene and relatively low odorization in natural gas suggests that hazardous leaks are likely underreported in Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ae499f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T06:51:56Z","timestamp":1774421516000},"page":"064008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Benzene and other hazardous air pollutants in consumer-grade natural gas in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8525-0513","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tamara L","family":"Sparks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannai S","family":"Kashtan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6290-5372","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sebastian T","family":"Rowland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric D","family":"Lebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackson S W","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2619-2584","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Colin","family":"Finnegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1715-3273","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicole","family":"Lucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abenezer","family":"Shankute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0328-4398","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nick","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1915-7290","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sofia","family":"Bisogno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey R","family":"Bilsback","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anchal","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee Ann L","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8846-7147","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert B","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth B C","family":"Shonkoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2538-4819","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Drew R","family":"Michanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"erlae499fbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b04657","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Beyond-the-meter: unaccounted sources of methane emissions in the natural gas distribution sector","volume":"54","author":"Saint-Vincent","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. 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