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We then propose next steps including (1) further research to assess the full scope of climate-related health risks, (2) strong collaborations between researchers, policymakers, and community advocates, and (3) implementation of evidence-based policies that prioritize the well-being of incarcerated populations that span climate mitigation, climate adaptation, and decarceration measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ae5f35","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T12:48:37Z","timestamp":1776170917000},"page":"084007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mass incarceration as a climate justice issue"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1754-1730","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katherine","family":"LeMasters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Brinkley-Rubinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ciplet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cloud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6912-4755","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristen","family":"Cowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Eisenman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Haber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Macht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8572-1162","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Colleen E","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"erlae5f35bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30569-X","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions","volume":"389","author":"Bailey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"erlae5f35bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30259-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mass incarceration, public health, and widening inequality in the USA","volume":"389","author":"Wildeman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"erlae5f35bib3","article-title":"Climate change indicators: weather and climate","author":"Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2022","type":"report"},{"key":"erlae5f35bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-071621-064925","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Environmental justice: where it has been, and where it might be going","volume":"44","author":"Chowkwanyun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. 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