{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:55:59Z","timestamp":1787504159170,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]],"date-time":"2017-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]],"date-time":"2017-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487721600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Breath Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to analyze the impact of chewing gum on halitosis parameters. Three databases were searched with the following focused question: \u2018Can chewing gum additionally reduce halitosis parameters, such as organoleptic scores and volatile sulfur compounds (VSC), when compared to a control treatment\u2019? Controlled clinical trials presenting at least two halitosis measurements (organoleptic scores and\/or VSC) were included. Ten studies were included, and different active ingredients were used. One study was performed using a chewing gum without any active ingredient. Chewing gum containing probiotic bacterium was shown to significantly reduce the organoleptic scores. Chewing gums containing zinc acetate and magnolia bark extract as well as allylisothiocyanate (AITC) with zinc lactate significantly reduced the levels of VSC in comparison to a placebo chewing gum. Furthermore, a sodium bicarbonate-containing chewing gum significantly reduced the VSC levels in comparison to rinsing with water. Furthermore, eucalyptus-extract chewing gum showed significant reductions in both organoleptic scores and VSC when compared with a control chewing gum. Chewing gum containing sucrose was able to reduce the VSC levels, in comparison to xylitol and zinc citrate chewing gum, but only for 5 min. It was concluded that chewing gums containing probiotics\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobaccilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , zinc acetate and magnolia bark extract, eucalyptus-extract, and AITC with zinc lactate may be suitable for halitosis management. However, the low number of included studies and the high heterogeneity among the selected studies may limit the clinical applications of these findings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/aa5cc2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]],"date-time":"2017-02-17T11:15:15Z","timestamp":1487330115000},"page":"014001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The impact of chewing gum on halitosis parameters: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3945-1752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes","family":"Muniz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University Rio Grande do Sul"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie Anagnostopoulos","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University Rio Grande do Sul"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina Folgearini","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University Rio Grande do Sul"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassiano Kuchenbecker","family":"R\u00f6sing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University Rio Grande do Sul"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"jbraa5cc2bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006701.pub2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis","volume":"4","author":"Fedorowicz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. 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