{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:19:16Z","timestamp":1790806756978,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]],"date-time":"2018-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]],"date-time":"2018-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533513600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Breath Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Introduction.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Tobacco smoke is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Smoking cessation can change the natural history of COPD, as we know from the GOLD guidelines. Little is known about the short-term clinical and functional effects of smoking cessation treatment combined with anti-muscarinic bronchodilators.\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    To determine whether quitting smoking, obtained by smoking cessation treatment combined with the use of a new long-acting muscarinic antagonist bronchodilator (LAMA), can improve lung function tests and respiratory symptoms more than the use of LAMA alone.\n                    <jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic>\n                    We evaluated, in a retrospective analysis, the functional and clinical data, collected in one year, of 120 patients who were current smokers affected by mild COPD and who quit smoking using smoking cessation treatment combined with glycopirronium. We compared them with a group of 80 patients with mild COPD undergoing the same treatment but who did not quit smoking. All patients underwent functional and clinical tests at baseline and at a third-month check.\n                    <jats:italic>Measurements and main results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic data without significant differences. All patients used varenicline for smoking cessation. They all performed the following tests: a spirometry with detection of resistances, the 6 min walking test, haemogasanalysis, the exhaled CO test, the COPD assessment test (CAT) and finally the modified Medical Research Council test (mMRC). A significant improvement in the functional tests at the third-month check was found in both groups\u2014quitters and non-quitters. However, a notable increase in the examined parameters was registered in the group of patients who quit smoking, in particular, we observed a significant increase at the third-month check of the parameter forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of more than 200 ml with\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001. A comparison between quitters and non-quitters revealed a major benefit derived from smoking cessation in terms of functional changes and symptom relief. In particular, not only FEV1 but also forced expiratory flow at 25%\u201375% of vital capacity (FEF 25\u201375) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) and CAT (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) were found to be significantly improved in patients who quit than in patients who did not at the check time point.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Smoking cessation treatment obtained by varenicline was confirmed as a crucial therapeutic option, especially when combined with bronchodilator in mild COPD. Patients who quit smoking could already benefit from both treatments in the short term, improving lung function and respiratory symptoms and therefore improving their quality of life.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/aad0a8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]],"date-time":"2018-07-03T04:45:23Z","timestamp":1530593123000},"page":"046007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Short-term benefit of smoking cessation along with glycopirronium on lung function and respiratory symptoms in mild COPD patients: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Aldo","family":"Pezzuto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u2019 Andrea Hospital-Sapienza University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0993-7540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Stellato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Catania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome"},{"name":"University of Palermo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calogero","family":"Mazzara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Tonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saint George Grenada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Caricato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierfilippo","family":"Crucitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Tonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"jbraad0a8bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2009.12.013","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Acute effects of cigarette smoking on pulmonary function","volume":"57","author":"Unverdorben","year":"2010","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00040703","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: molecular and cellular mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Barnes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60871-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Tobacco addiction","volume":"371","author":"Hatsukami","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2015.09.011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A microsimulation model for the development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"109","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00025805","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current burden and future projections","volume":"27","author":"Lopez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The 2011 revision of the global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of COPD (GOLD)\u2014why and what?","volume":"6","author":"Vestbo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Respir. J."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2004.12.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nicotine: from molecular mechanisms to behaviour","volume":"5","author":"Wonnacott","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.1.47","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Varenicline, an alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"296","author":"Gonzales","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.04.016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Lung function and respiratory symptoms in a 1-year randomized smoking cessation trial of varenicline in COPD patients","volume":"105","author":"Tashkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.02.013","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Smoking cessation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"103","author":"Tashkin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-010-6246-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Smoking cessation recent advances","volume":"24","author":"McNeil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009183","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparative safety and effectiveness of long-acting inhaled agents for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Tricco","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S83071","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A real-world evaluation of indacaterol and other bronchodilators in COPD: the INFLOW study","volume":"10","author":"Juvelekian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.061648","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Standardisation of lung function testing: helpful guidance from the ATS\/ERS task force","volume":"61","author":"Laszlo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2006.00649.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Do pharmacy staff recommend evidenced-based smoking cessation products? A pseudo patron study","volume":"31","author":"Chiang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30272-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric safety and efficacy of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch in smokers with and without psychiatric disorders (EAGLES): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"387","author":"Anthenelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14146","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The effects of prescribing varenicline on two-year health outcomes: an observational cohort study using electronic medical records","volume":"113","author":"Davies","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006103.pub7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation","volume":"9","author":"Cahill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/10937400802545094","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cigarette smoke, inflammation, and lung injury: a mechanistic perspective","volume":"12","author":"Bhalla","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit Rev."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200703-456SO","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary","volume":"176","author":"Rabe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201207-1299OC","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Prediction of the clinical course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, using the new GOLD classification: a study of the general population","volume":"86","author":"Lange","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.7.581","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Usefulness of the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"54","author":"Bestall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib23a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S125058","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Thach CIndacaterol\/glycopyrroniumversus salmeterol\/fluticasone in Asian patients with COPD at a high risk of exacerbations: results from the FLAME study","volume":"12","author":"Wedzicha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib23b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04746.x","type":"journal-article","volume":"124","author":"Wedzicha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-2807","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination of indacaterol and Glycopyrronium for the treatment of COPD: a systematic review","volume":"146","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.120857","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bronchodilators accelerate the dynamics of muscle O2 delivery and utilisation during exercise in COPD","volume":"65","author":"Berton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2015.1100171","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Once-daily glycopyrronium bromide (seebri breezhaler((R)) for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)","volume":"16","author":"Ulrik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2016.12.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fast onset of action of glycopyrronium compared with tiotropium in patients with moderate to severe COPD\u2014a randomised, multicentre, crossover trial","volume":"42","author":"Watz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30206-X","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Extrafine inhaled triple therapy versus dual bronchodilator therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (TRIBUTE): a double-blind, parallel group, randomised controlled trial","volume":"391","author":"Papi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2012.692409","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Is the CAT questionnaire sensitive to changes in health status in patients with severe COPD exacerbations?","volume":"9","author":"Agusti","year":"2012","journal-title":"COPD: J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085540","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Prevalence and burden of breathlessness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease managed in primary care","volume":"9","author":"Mullerova","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2217\/cer.13.25","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Short-term effectiveness of smoking-cessation treatment on respiratory function and CEA level","volume":"2","author":"Pezzuto","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Comp. Eff. Res."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1516385","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Indacaterol-glycopyrronium versus salmeterol-fluticasone for COPD","volume":"374","author":"Wedzicha","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.2174\/1574892810666150806111014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"\u2018Impact of Smoking Cessation Treatment\u2019 on lung function and response rate in EGFR mutated patients: a short-term cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Pezzuto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Recent Pat. Anticancer Drug Discov."},{"key":"jbraad0a8bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00051110","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Symptom variability in patients with severe COPD: a pan-European cross-sectional study","volume":"37","author":"Kessler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."}],"container-title":["Journal of Breath Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/aad0a8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/aad0a8\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/aad0a8\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/aad0a8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/aad0a8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/aad0a8\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/aad0a8\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/aad0a8\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/aad0a8\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/aad0a8\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/aad0a8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/aad0a8\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T12:28:33Z","timestamp":1779539313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/aad0a8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/aad0a8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-7155","1752-7163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-7155","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-7163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Short-term benefit of smoking cessation along with glycopirronium on lung function and respiratory symptoms in mild COPD patients: a retrospective study","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Breath Research","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2018-02-04","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2018-07-03","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2018-08-06","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}