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Breath Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To investigate whether academic stress changes the salivary microbiota and its relationship with salivary parameters, evaluating the effects on the production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in healthy women. Fifty-five women who were enrolled in a four-year Dentistry course were assessed for academic stress by the questionnaire Maslach Burnout Inventory\u2014Student Survey and were then classified into \u2018Not Stressed\u2019 and \u2018Stressed\u2019 groups. Cortisol and alpha-amylase (AA) were measured as physiological stress biomarkers. Oral Chroma\u2122 gas chromatograph was used to measure concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S), methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide. Salivary proteins were evaluated by western blot. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the salivary amounts of halitosis-associated bacteria. The \u2018Stressed\u2019 volunteers showed higher levels of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S, AA,\n                    <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and total bacteria, compared to the \u2018Not Stressed\u2019 individuals (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05; Mann\u2013Whitney test). Salivary proteins showed no differences between groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.05; Mann\u2013Whitney test). Academic stress was positively correlated with H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S, total bacteria and\n                    <jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    counts, while\n                    <jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    was positively correlated with AA. H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S showed positive correlations with AA and\n                    <jats:italic>Solobacterium moorei<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05; Spearman correlation). Beta-defensin (BD) presented negative correlations with H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S and\n                    <jats:italic>S. moorei<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05; Spearman correlation). Academic stress increased salivary\n                    <jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and total bacteria, as well as AA activity. The protein BD showed important correlations with bacteria and VSC. These changes appeared to be accountable for increased H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S production in the stressed women.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/ab944d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T18:15:17Z","timestamp":1589912117000},"page":"036005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effects of academic stress on the levels of oral volatile sulfur compounds, halitosis-related bacteria and stress biomarkers of healthy female undergraduate students"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Patricia Oliveira","family":"De Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Dias","family":"Nani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Satollo","family":"Rolim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Carlos","family":"Groppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Franz-Montan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Bento","family":"Alves De Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Cogo-M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6326-057X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Klein","family":"Marcondes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"jbrab944dbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12046","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Relationship between halitosis and periodontal disease - associated oral bacteria in tongue coatings","volume":"12","author":"Amou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. 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