{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:34:25Z","timestamp":1792517665550,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006223","name":"The Procter & Gamble Company","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006223","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Breath Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The oral malodor reduction efficacy of dentifrices containing stannous fluoride (SnF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) or zinc plus arginine (Zn\/Arg) was evaluated using a halimeter to measure volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in two randomized, controlled, single-blind, cross-over pilot clinical trials. Study 1 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 16) had five 1100 ppm F dentifrices and five treatment periods: negative control (NC): 0.243% sodium fluoride (NaF); SnF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> A: 0.454% SnF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> + pyrophosphate; SnF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> B: 0.454% SnF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> + sodium hexametaphosphate; SnF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> C: 0.454% SnF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> + citrate; and SnF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> D: experimental 0.454% SnF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> with increased bioavailable Sn. Study 2 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 16) had four 1450 ppm F dentifrices and four treatment periods: NC: 0.1% NaF + 0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate; Zn\/Arg: NaF + zinc + arginine; SnF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> E: 0.454% SnF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> + 0.078% NaF + sodium hexametaphosphate; SnF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> F: 0.454% SnF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> + 0.078% NaF + citrate. Each period took 96 h; baseline (day 0) morning to day 4 morning. Subjects brushed 2<jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\/day with the treatment dentifrice. VSC levels were measured in the morning, prior to morning brushing, on days 0 and 4. Changes in VSC scores from day 0 to day 4 were assessed using a mixed-model analysis of covariance for cross-over studies. In study 1, SnF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> dentifrices B, C and D showed statistically significant reductions (31.3%, 24.8%, 34%, respectively) in VSC scores versus baseline (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001); the benefits of these treatments versus NC and SnF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> dentifrice A were statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2a7d 0.001). In study 2, SnF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> dentifrices E and F showed statistically significant reductions (31.2%, 22.1%, respectively) in VSC scores versus baseline (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2a7d 0.010); the benefits of these treatments versus NC and the Zn\/Arg dentifrice were statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2a7d 0.035). The Zn\/Arg dentifrice showed a significant increase of 35.2% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) in VSC scores versus baseline. These studies demonstrated that SnF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> dentifrices can provide significant oral malodor reductions, but the benefit is formulation dependent. The presence of SnF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> is not sufficient to ensure efficacy. The Zn\/Arg dentifrice increased VSC levels, indicating greater malodor.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Clinical Trial Numbers<\/jats:bold>: 20190429 and 20191028<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/abf209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T22:38:05Z","timestamp":1616711885000},"page":"036001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Investigation of oral malodor prevention by dentifrices as measured by VSC reduction"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Marianne","family":"Zsiska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Schneiderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingkun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Grender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"jbrabf209bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411900010040401","article-title":"Oral malodor","volume":"1","author":"Kleinberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2012.39","article-title":"Halitosis: the multidisciplinary approach","volume":"4","author":"Bollen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0762.165929","article-title":"Determining the association between oral malodor and periodontal disease: a case control study","volume":"5","author":"Bolepalli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1995.66.8.679","article-title":"Correlation between volatile sulphur compounds and certain oral health measurements in the general population","volume":"66","author":"Miyazaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12111","article-title":"Periodontal diseases as a source of halitosis: a review of the evidence and treatment approaches for dentists and dental hygienists","volume":"71","author":"De Geest","year":"2016","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"jbrabf209bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1994.65.1.37","article-title":"Relationship of oral malodor to periodontitis: evidence of independence in discrete subpopulations","volume":"65","author":"Bosy","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12725","article-title":"Halitosis: prevalence, risk factors, sources, measurement and treatment\u2014a review of the literature","volume":"65","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.09.036","article-title":"The relationship between oral malodor and volatile sulfur compound-producing bacteria","volume":"135","author":"Krespi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib9","first-page":"351","article-title":"Instrumental evaluation of mouth odor in a human clinical study","volume":"54","author":"Solis-Gaffar","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2014\/6213.3856","article-title":"An evaluation of microbial profile in halitosis with tongue coating using PCR (polymerase chain reaction)\u2014a clinical and microbiological study","volume":"8","author":"Kamaraj","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(64)90043-3","article-title":"The application of instrumental technique for the evaluation of odoriferous volatiles from saliva and breath","volume":"9","author":"Richter","year":"1964","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e457","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.55523","article-title":"Efficacy of chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide and tulsi extract mouthwash in reducing halitosis using spectrophotometric analysis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Dent."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1177\/2156587216679532","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of Triphala and Ela decoction with 0.2% chlorhexidine as mouthwash in the treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis and halitosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Mamgain","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.15171\/joddd.2019.005","article-title":"Effect of Halita mouthwash on oral halitosis treatment: a randomized triple-blind clinical trial","volume":"13","author":"Jamali","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res. Dent. Clin. Dent. Prospect."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12148","article-title":"The effect of different mouth rinse products on intra-oral halitosis","volume":"14","author":"Erovic Ademovski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Dent. Hyg."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ZC69","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2015\/14587.6510","article-title":"Inhibition of tongue coat and dental plaque formation by stabilized chlorine dioxide vs chlorhexidine mouthrinse: a randomized, triple blinded study","volume":"9","author":"Yadav","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib17","first-page":"82","article-title":"A new mouthrinse combining zinc and chlorhexidine in low concentrations provides superior efficacy against halitosis compared to existing formulations: a double-blind clinical study","volume":"18","author":"Thrane","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib18","first-page":"309","article-title":"Efficacy of stabilized chlorine dioxide-based unflavored mouthwash in reducing oral malodor: an 8-week randomized controlled study","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Dent."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/2\/1\/017013","article-title":"Reduction of VSC and salivary bacteria by a multibenefit mouthrinse","volume":"2","author":"Boyd","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Breath Res."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2127","article-title":"Reduction of mouth malodour and volatile sulphur compounds in intensive care patients using an essential oil mouthwash","volume":"21","author":"Hur","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib21","first-page":"531","article-title":"The effect of four mouthrinses on oral malodor","volume":"23","author":"Borden","year":"2002","journal-title":"Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib22","first-page":"658","article-title":"Overnight malodor effect with a 0.454% stabilized stannous fluoride sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice","volume":"28","author":"Farrell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib23","first-page":"83","article-title":"Breath effects of three marketed dentifrices: a comparative study evaluating single and cumulative use","volume":"9","author":"Gerlach","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib24","first-page":"7A\u201312A","article-title":"Initial evidence of two-step dentifrice\/gel sequence effects on health: outcomes from three randomized controlled trials","volume":"31","author":"Gerlach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Dent."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02850","article-title":"Effects of stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice on dental calculus, dental plaque, gingivitis, halitosis and stain: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Johannsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"jbrabf209bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13203","article-title":"The effects of bioavailable gluconate chelated stannous fluoride dentifrice on gingival bleeding: meta-analysis of eighteen randomized controlled trials","volume":"46","author":"Biesbrock","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics5030041","article-title":"Stannous fluoride effects on enamel: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Fiorillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomimetics"},{"key":"jbrabf209bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2019.01.004","article-title":"Solving the problem with stannous fluoride: formulation, stabilization, and antimicrobial action","volume":"150","author":"Myers","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib29","first-page":"A10","article-title":"Enhanced in vitro zinc bioavailability through rational design of a dual zinc plus arginine dentifrice","volume":"29","author":"Manus","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2019.01.003","article-title":"Effect of stannous fluoride and zinc phosphate dentifrice on dental plaque and gingivitis: a randomized clinical trial with 6 month follow-up","volume":"150","author":"Seriwatanachai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S178","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0762.149033","article-title":"Prevalence and awareness of halitosis in a sample of Jordanian population","volume":"4","author":"Hammad","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-44731-1","author":"Sterer","year":"2020","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"jbrabf209bib33","first-page":"19","article-title":"Sustained antibacterial actions of a new stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice containing sodium hexametaphosphate","volume":"26","author":"Ramji","year":"2005","journal-title":"Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3862","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21691","article-title":"Topical oral cavity pharmacokinetic modeling of a stannous fluoride dentifrice: an unusual two compartment model","volume":"98","author":"Scott","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib35","first-page":"215","article-title":"The relative clinical efficacy of three 0.454% stannous fluoride dentifrices for the treatment of gingivitis over three months","volume":"33","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Dent."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2019.01.005","article-title":"Evaluation of a stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice on dental plaque and gingivitis in a randomized controlled trial with 6 month follow-up [published correction appears in J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2019; 150(4):245]","volume":"150","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2019.01.007","article-title":"Antimicrobial effects of a stannous fluoride toothpaste in distinct oral microenvironments","volume":"150","author":"Haraszthy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib38","first-page":"A41","article-title":"A clinical investigation of the efficacy of a dual zinc plus arginine dentifrice for controlling oral malodor","volume":"29","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib39","first-page":"A46","article-title":"Short- and long-term effects of a dentifrice containing dual zinc plus arginine on intra-oral halitosis: improvements in breath quality","volume":"29","author":"Saad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(83)90055-9","article-title":"Catabolism of arginine by the mixed bacteria in human salivary sediment under conditions of low and high glucose concentration","volume":"28","author":"Kanapka","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"jbrabf209bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(89)90045-9","article-title":"Arginolytic and ureolytic activities of pure cultures of human oral bacteria and their effects on the pH response of salivary sediment and dental plaque in vitro","volume":"34","author":"Wijeyeweera","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Breath Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/abf209","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/abf209\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/abf209","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/abf209\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/abf209\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/abf209\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/abf209\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/abf209\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T02:01:06Z","timestamp":1642816866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/abf209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/abf209","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-7155","1752-7163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-7155","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-7163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Investigation of oral malodor prevention by dentifrices as measured by VSC reduction","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Breath Research","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2020-09-23","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2021-03-25","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2021-04-13","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}