{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:47:45Z","timestamp":1790880465818,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSERC JELF CFI","award":["AWD-021425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AWD-021425"]}]},{"name":"NSERC Research Tools","award":["GR020977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR020977"]}]},{"name":"NSERC Discovery Grant","award":["AWD-017773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AWD-017773"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["GNT1170958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1170958"]}]},{"name":"University of British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Rebecca L Cooper Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Breath Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are increasingly under consideration as biomarkers of respiratory disease. Although numerous studies have identified VOCs that distinguish patient groups, a lack of standardisation among published studies has impeded translation into clinical diagnostics. Standardised breath collection protocols have been proposed for adults and children aged &gt;4 years, but optimal methods for collecting breath from younger children remain to be determined. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of breath sampling among a young paediatric cohort. A total of 61 children (age 6 months\u201312 years) were recruited prospectively to observational studies of chronic cough at two study sites. Mixed expiratory breath was collected into 1 l Tedlar Bags using either a drinking straw, mouthpiece, or mask. After concentrating onto thermal desorption tubes, the breath was analysed using two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Breath collection via a mouthpiece was highly feasible for children aged &gt;2 years. Mask-based collection was required for younger children but was poorly tolerated. Drinking straw-based collections were unsuitable for some children aged &lt;4 years due to challenges maintaining a sufficient seal. At least 700 ml of breath was sampled from 72.6% of children. The number of peaks per sample, total peak area per sample, and composition of breath VOCs were all consistent with successful breath sampling. The high feasibility of breath collection via a mouthpiece in our study suggests established protocols designed for children aged over 4 years can be used with confidence for children from as young as 2 years of age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/adbc12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T22:50:59Z","timestamp":1741042259000},"page":"026009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessing the feasibility of breath collection from conscious young children to support volatilome analysis: insights into age limitations and breath sampling requirements"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8507-6586","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robyn L","family":"Marsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0433-7778","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mostafa","family":"Hashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1744-7922","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miza","family":"Mwanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4241-8697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah E","family":"O\u2019Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley A","family":"Versteegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa","family":"Heshmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1803-2110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yitayal","family":"Anteneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4163-4782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie T","family":"Yerkovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8614-1829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie M","family":"Marchant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1331-3706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne B","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3534-5765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane E","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"jbradbc12bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2022.2104249","article-title":"The potential of volatile organic compound analysis for pathogen detection and disease monitoring in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"16","author":"Barucha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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