{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T03:38:10Z","timestamp":1789097890298,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2017FYA0205301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017FYA0205301"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Project","award":["20214Y0349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20214Y0349"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality","award":["22ZR1451800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ZR1451800"]}]},{"name":"Projects of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission","award":["20142201300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20142201300"]}]},{"name":"International Cooperation and Exchanges of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81921002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81921002"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Group Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81921002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81921002"]}]},{"name":"Medical Engineering Cross Project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University","award":["YG2022ZD022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2022ZD022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Breath Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Bacterial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been investigated as a non-invasive approach to diagnosis of infectious diseases. Here, we aimed to explore potential diagnostic markers by profiling VOCs in cultures of unique clinical <jats:italic>Clostridioides difficile<\/jats:italic> isolates and stool samples from pediatric patients with <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> infection (CDI) using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). A total of 106 individual compounds were detected in 39 <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> isolate cultures, of which 1-hexanol, ethanol and 4-methylvaleric acid were detected in all bacterial cultures, and 2-methyl-butanoic acid, 1-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-xylene and 6-methyl-2-heptanone were found in 38 (97.4%), 37 (94.9%), 34 (87.2%), 34 (87.2%) and 32 (82.1%) isolate cultures, respectively. The most abundant compound was 4-methylvaleric acid (relative abundance 14.71%, interquartile range 11.73%, 16.38%). A direct comparison of six paired isolates and stools revealed the transfer of <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> isolate VOCs to feces: ethanol was detected in all six pairs, 4-methylvaleric acid was in five pairs and 1-hexanol in four pairs. Fecal VOC patterns between the CDI children and healthy children were significantly different. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that 1-propanol, 6-methyl-2-heptanone, phenylethyl alcohol and ethanol presented the highest discrimination value for differentiating feces of CDI children from healthy children. Our data indicate that fecal 1-propanol, 6-methyl-2-heptanone, phenylethyl alcohol and ethanol may be used as potential screening biomarkers for diagnosing CDI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/ae0511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T22:50:28Z","timestamp":1757458228000},"page":"046008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Profiling of volatile organic compounds in clinical isolate cultures and stools from children with <i>Clostridioides difficile<\/i> infection by HS-SPME-GC-MS"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4565-0192","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cuili","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangfei","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xufei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4513-905X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daxiang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9391-8926","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"jbrae0511bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.09.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Clostridioides difficile","volume":"26","author":"Sandhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends. 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Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2025-04-18","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-09-09","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-10-07","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}