{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T21:00:07Z","timestamp":1792184407860,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Breath Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex, progressive inflammatory disorder characterized by airflow limitation and respiratory symptoms. Its heterogeneity is manifested at etiological, pathological and clinical levels, and leads to different phenotypes: chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma-COPD overlap, frequent exacerbator and eosinophilic phenotypes. COPD is also associated with systemic manifestations including cardiovascular diseases, muscle dysfunction, osteoporosis and mental-health issues, which require a comprehensive management approach. Key risk factors are tobacco smoke and air pollution, both of which induce oxidative stress and airway remodeling. Although there is still no definitive cure for COPD, an early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary treatment are essential to prevent or slow the disease progression and reduce the mortality rate. Molecular biomarkers, particularly those identified through metabolomics, show promise for early detection, phenotyping and precision therapies. Challenges in biomarker discovery include specimen variability and stability. Overall, metabolomics provides valuable insights into COPD\u2019s molecular pathways, supporting improved diagnosis, prognosis and tailored treatments. In this tutorial, we will explore metabolomics findings from different COPD matrices and their clinical implications for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/ae2f95","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T22:52:14Z","timestamp":1766184734000},"page":"015001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The role of metabolomics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: from analytic techniques to clinical applications"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6751-9921","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mauro","family":"Maniscalco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1393-4473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Fuschillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5888-8781","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claudio","family":"Candia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4720-1320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaetano","family":"Corso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4526-8353","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Debora","family":"Paris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8643-658X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"jbrae2f95bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00164-2019","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease: the GOLD science committee report","volume":"53","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L149","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00329.2019","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mitochondria: at the crossroads of regulating lung epithelial cell function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"318","author":"Aghapour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib3","article-title":"Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease\u2014GOLD 2024","author":"2025 GOLD Report","type":"report"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2015.36.3812","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: healthcare costs and beyond","volume":"36","author":"May","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01419","type":"journal-article","article-title":"COPD heterogeneity: what this will mean in practice","volume":"56","author":"Rennard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir. Care"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013432.pub2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Anti-IL-5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"12","author":"Donovan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6418","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13216418","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: clinical significance and treatment strategies","volume":"13","author":"Moretta","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.03.054","type":"journal-article","article-title":"COPD advanced patient management","volume":"153","author":"Criner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00180","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00180-2023","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Update on metabolomic findings in COPD patients","volume":"9","author":"Gea","year":"2023","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2022.12.018","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolomics in COPD","volume":"59","author":"Gea","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Bronconeumol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867325666181008122749","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolomics of exhaled breath condensate by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry: a methodological approach","volume":"27","author":"Maniscalco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2014.03.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints in Duchenne: meeting report","volume":"24","author":"Aartsma-Rus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1021\/pr0501259","type":"journal-article","article-title":"So, you want to look for biomarkers (introduction to the special biomarkers issue","volume":"4","author":"LaBaer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0005-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biomarkers as drug development tools: discovery, validation, qualification and use","volume":"14","author":"Kraus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib15","first-page":"11","type":"book","article-title":"Introduction of metabolomics: an overview","author":"Hartman","year":"2003"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1080\/004982599238047","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabonomics\u201d: understanding the metabolic responses of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli via multivariate statistical analysis of biological NMR spectroscopic data","volume":"29","author":"Nicholson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1967-4_15","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Multivariate analysis with the R package mixOmics","volume":"2426","author":"Welham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9070123","type":"journal-article","article-title":"NMR spectroscopy for metabolomics research","volume":"9","author":"Emwas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01107-2018","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics in respiratory medicine","volume":"52","author":"Paris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2018.10.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Clinical metabolomics of exhaled breath condensate in chronic respiratory diseases","volume":"88","author":"Maniscalco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Chem."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib21","first-page":"1","type":"book","article-title":"Instrumental platforms for NMR-based metabolomics","author":"Dona","year":"2018"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47656-8_3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance strategies for metabolic analysis","volume":"965","author":"Heude","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51652-9_2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"NMR-based metabolomics","volume":"1280","author":"Nagana Gowda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9026934","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Monitoring real-time metabolism of living cells by fast two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy","volume":"82","author":"Motta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib25","author":"Hossain","year":"2020","type":"book"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13060475","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Exploring the potential role of metabolomics in COPD: a concise review","volume":"13","author":"Tirelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-022-00175-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for clinical diagnostic","volume":"2","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Methods Primers"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.813359","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Towards higher sensitivity of mass spectrometry: a perspective from the mass analyzers","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3092","DOI":"10.1039\/c9ra08985c","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in health and medical science: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2019.04.009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Untargeted LC\/MS-based metabolic phenotyping (metabonomics\/metabolomics): the state of the art","volume":"1117","author":"Gika","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2022.116883","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Advances in capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry for metabolomics","volume":"158","author":"Soga","year":"2023","journal-title":"TRAC-Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.124324","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hyphenation of fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) with separation methods: the art of compromises and the possible\u2014A review","volume":"257","author":"Gosset-Erard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s11816-021-00703-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Current analytical technologies and bioinformatic resources for plant metabolomics data","volume":"15","author":"Vinay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. Rep."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(99)00317-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry","volume":"59","author":"Bakhtiar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbw031","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Analysis of metabolomic data: tools, current strategies and future challenges for omics data integration","volume":"18","author":"Cambiaghi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-200072","type":"journal-article","article-title":"NMR spectroscopy metabolomic profiling of exhaled breath condensate in patients with stable and unstable cystic fibrosis","volume":"67","author":"Montuschi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2015.02.012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A tutorial review: metabolomics and partial least squares-discriminant analysis\u2013a marriage of convenience or a shotgun wedding","volume":"879","author":"Gromski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib38","author":"Eriksson","year":"2006","edition":"2nd edn","type":"book"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47656-8_8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Computational strategies for biological interpretation of metabolomics data","volume":"965","author":"Xia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W398","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae253","type":"journal-article","article-title":"MetaboAnalyst 6.0: towards a unified platform for metabolomics data processing, analysis and interpretation","volume":"52","author":"Pang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23386","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Examination of serum metabolome altered by cigarette smoking identifies novel metabolites mediating smoking-BMI association","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47656-8_2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Collection and preparation of clinical samples for metabolomics","volume":"965","author":"Chetwynd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-015-0829-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Gender-specific pathway differences in the human serum metabolome","volume":"11","author":"Krumsiek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-024-02199-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolomic heterogeneity of ageing with ethnic diversity: a step closer to healthy ageing","volume":"21","author":"Trivedi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/ad7a9a","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in respiratory diseases: recent advances and future perspectives in the age of omic sciences","volume":"18","author":"Maniscalco","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Breath Res."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2010.07.015","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fast quantification of the exhaled breath condensate of oxidative stress 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha using on-line solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography\/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry","volume":"82","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2023-0022LE","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Detection of cells in exhaled breath condensate holds potential for pathophysiological insights in pulmonary diseases","volume":"69","author":"Palomba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/aa5cc5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Factors that influence the volatile organic compound content in human breath","volume":"11","author":"Blanchet","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Breath Res."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00029705","type":"journal-article","article-title":"(ATS\/ERS task force on exhaled breath condensate) exhaled breath condensate: methodological recommendations and unresolved questions","volume":"26","author":"Horv\u00e1th","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-020-00227-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Induced sputum metabolomic profiles and oxidative stress are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity: potential use for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"EPMA J."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05100-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An integrated metabo-lipidomics profile of induced sputum for the identification of novel biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of asthma and COPD","volume":"22","author":"Correnti","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5692","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105692","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of human sputum for the diagnosis of lung disorders: where are we today?","volume":"23","author":"D\u2019Amato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106335","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Analysis of sputum microbial flora in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with different phenotypes during acute exacerbations","volume":"184","author":"Mao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9080157","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from COPD patients reveals more compounds associated with disease than matched plasma","volume":"9","author":"Halper-Stromberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-014-0667-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolomic profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids by isotope labeling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry: a promising approach to studying experimental asthma","volume":"10","author":"Peng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5108","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05374-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolomic similarities between bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma in humans and mice","volume":"7","author":"Cruickshank-Quinn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073076","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The human urine metabolome","volume":"8","author":"Bouatra","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frans.2021.812301","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Urine analysis has a very broad prospect in the future","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Anal. Sci."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib59","article-title":"The urine metabolome database","author":"Bouatra","year":"2013","type":"web-resource"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib60","first-page":"85","type":"book","article-title":"Application of urine metabolomics as a marker in health and disease","author":"Pellissery","year":"2024"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01080-2015","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Linoleic acid-derived lipid mediators increase in a female-dominated subphenotype of COPD","volume":"47","author":"Balgoma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155724","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Peptides in bronchoalveolar lavage in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"11","author":"Wendt","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4569","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.6b00648","type":"journal-article","article-title":"1H NMR to explore the metabolome of exhaled breath condensate in \u03b11-antitrypsin deficient patients: a pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Airoldi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-013-0572-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phenotyping COPD by 1H NMR metabolomics of exhaled breath condensate","volume":"10","author":"Bertini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-021-01845-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Identification of novel metabolic signatures potentially involved in the pathogenesis of COPD associated pulmonary hypertension","volume":"17","author":"Choudhury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00072408","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabonomic analysis of exhaled breath condensate in adults by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"32","author":"de Laurentiis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1021\/pr301171p","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Separating smoking-related diseases using NMR-based metabolomics of exhaled breath condensate","volume":"12","author":"de Laurentiis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12995-024-00409-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Discriminative potential of exhaled breath condensate biomarkers with respect to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"19","author":"Freund","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Occup. Med. Toxicol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01390-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolomic fingerprinting and systemic inflammatory profiling of asthma COPD overlap (ACO)","volume":"21","author":"Ghosh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96128-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Global metabolome profiling of exhaled breath condensates in male smokers with asthma COPD overlap and prediction of the disease","volume":"11","author":"Ghosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030666","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phenotyping of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on the integration of metabolomes and clinical characteristics","volume":"19","author":"Kilk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01825-2017","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Differential diagnosis between newly diagnosed asthma and COPD using exhaled breath condensate metabolomics: a pilot study","volume":"51","author":"Maniscalco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00258","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Breathomics for assessing the effects of treatment and withdrawal with inhaled beclomethasone\/formoterol in patients with COPD","volume":"9","author":"Montuschi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00036411","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics of exhaled breath condensate: methodological aspects","volume":"39","author":"Motta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01564-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Exhaled breath condensate to discriminate individuals with different smoking habits by GC-TOF\/MS","volume":"7","author":"Peralbo-Molina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-015-0808-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fusion of the 1H NMR data of serum, urine and exhaled breath condensate in order to discriminate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Z\u0105bek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-015-0920-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolomics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a comment","volume":"12","author":"Maniscalco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201410-1771OC","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Plasma sphingolipids associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease phenotypes","volume":"191","author":"Bowler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S207023","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Eicosanoids metabolized through LOX distinguish asthma-COPD overlap from COPD by metabolomics study","volume":"14","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2018.11.007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Study of the metabolomic relationship between lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on direct infusion mass spectrometry","volume":"157","author":"Callej\u00f3n-Leblic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143937","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Serum metabolite biomarkers discriminate healthy smokers from COPD smokers","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35372-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolomics and transcriptomics pathway approach reveals outcome-specific perturbations in COPD","volume":"8","author":"Cruickshank-Quinn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S210598","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Disruption of histidine and energy homeostasis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"14","author":"Diao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1089\/nsm.2020.0009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Plasma metabolomic signatures of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the impact of genetic variants on phenotype-driven modules","volume":"3","author":"Gillenwater","year":"2020","journal-title":"Netw. Syst. Med."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.619077","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolic fingerprinting uncovers the distinction between the phenotypes of tuberculosis associated COPD and smoking-induced COPD","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S220557","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Amino acid-based metabolic indexes identify patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and further discriminates patients in advanced BODE stages","volume":"14","author":"Kuo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47761-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Serum amino acid concentrations and clinical outcomes in smokers: SPIROMICS metabolomics study","volume":"9","author":"Labaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.3967\/bes2019.085","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolomic profiling differences among asthma, COPD, and healthy subjects: a LC-MS-based metabolomic analysis","volume":"32","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo10040124","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Identifying protein-metabolite networks associated with COPD phenotypes","volume":"10","author":"Mastej","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02322-2016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolomics analysis identifies sex-associated metabotypes of oxidative stress and the autotaxin-lysoPA axis in COPD","volume":"49","author":"Naz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.09.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pilot analysis of the plasma metabolite profiles associated with emphysematous chronic obstructive pulmonary disease phenotype","volume":"413","author":"Paige","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1167-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Plasma metabolomics and clinical predictors of survival differences in COPD patients","volume":"20","author":"Pinto-Plata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-01222-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A cross-omics integrative study of metabolic signatures of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease BMC","volume":"20","author":"Proki\u0107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pulm. Med."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.3c01201","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Plasmonic alloys enhanced metabolic fingerprints for the diagnosis of COPD and exacerbations","volume":"10","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S173264","type":"journal-article","article-title":"1H-NMR-based metabolic profiling of healthy individuals and high-resolution CT-classified phenotypes of COPD with treatment of tiotropium bromide","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00112411","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolic profiling detects biomarkers of protein degradation in COPD patients","volume":"40","author":"Ubhi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065675","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabonomic profiling of serum and urine by 1H NMR-based spectroscopy discriminates patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and healthy individuals","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702211008808","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolomic profiling of anaerobic and aerobic energy metabolic pathways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"246","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.124727","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Circulating metabolomics revealed novel associations between multiple ambient air pollutants exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease incidence: evidence from a prospective cohort study","volume":"359","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. pollut."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9040061","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolomics identifies novel blood biomarkers of pulmonary function and COPD in the general population","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-023-02349-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Proteomics and metabolomics profiling reveal panels of circulating diagnostic biomarkers and molecular subtypes in stable COPD","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23641","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Predictive diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using serum metabolic biomarkers and least-squares support vector machine","volume":"35","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Anal."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S229505","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Plasma metabolomics and lipidomics reveal perturbed metabolites in different disease stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S298678","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Eicosanoids and eosinophilic inflammation of airways in stable COPD","volume":"16","author":"Celejewska-W\u00f3jcik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.10.049","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Subpopulations and intermediate outcome measures in COPD study, identification of sputum biomarkers predictive of pulmonary exacerbations in COPD","volume":"161","author":"Esther","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4957","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b00732","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Profiling over 1500 lipids in induced lung sputum and the implications in studying lung diseases","volume":"87","author":"t\u2019Kindt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201312-2210OC","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Untargeted lipidomic analysis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. uncovering sphingolipids","volume":"190","author":"Telenga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1230-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"(SPIROMICS Investigators) 2019 The matrikine acetyl-proline-glycine-proline and clinical features of COPD: findings from SPIROMICS","volume":"20","author":"Wells","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01196-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Multi-omics analyses of airway host-microbe interactions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease identify potential therapeutic interventions","volume":"7","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.05.022","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolomic profiling of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study differentiating diseases","volume":"136","author":"Adamko","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-018-1418-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparative analysis of creatinine and osmolality as urine normalization strategies in targeted metabolomics for the differential diagnosis of asthma and COPD","volume":"14","author":"Khamis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1021\/pr1000048","type":"journal-article","article-title":"1H nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics analysis identifies novel urinary biomarkers for lung function","volume":"9","author":"McClay","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S163189","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Increased urinary l-histidine in patients with asthma-COPD overlap: a pilot study","volume":"13","author":"Oh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.11.016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Clinical relevance of guanine-derived urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress, determined by LC-MS\/MS","volume":"20","author":"Shih","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13722-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hippurate as a metabolomic marker of gut microbiome diversity: modulation by diet and relationship to metabolic syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Pallister","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2016.09.034","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolomic profiling of doxycycline treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"132","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-22-1731","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Changes in targeted metabolomics in lung tissue of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"15","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2024.13261","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Serum metabolomics analysis of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and \u2018frequent exacerbator\u2019 phenotype","volume":"30","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9480346","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolomics in COPD acute respiratory failure requiring noninvasive positive pressure ventilation","volume":"2017","author":"Fortis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. Respir. J."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S107844","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Tryptophan catabolism in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"11","author":"Gulcev","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2018.11.012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamic differences in dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in sputum of COPD patients and controls","volume":"1864","author":"van der Does","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1069906","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Outdoor particulate matter exposure affects metabolome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: preliminary study","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/rr60","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"2","author":"Mador","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00104","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Structural alterations of skeletal muscle in COPD","volume":"5","author":"Mathur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00981.2012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pathophysiology of muscle dysfunction in COPD","volume":"114","author":"Gea","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S114548","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of aerobic training combined with respiratory muscle stretching on the functional exercise capacity and thoracoabdominal kinematics in patients with COPD: a randomized and controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Wada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003793.pub3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"2015","author":"McCarthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5507","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.5507","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Serum metabolomics using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive tandem mass spectrometry reveals the mechanism of action of exercise training on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats","volume":"37","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2020.4537","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Muscle metabolomics analysis reveals potential biomarkers of exercise-dependent improvement of the diaphragm function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2023.01.011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolomic, oxidative, and inflammatory responses to acute exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"59","author":"Cakmak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11030344","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolomics of COPD pulmonary rehabilitation outcomes via exhaled breath condensate","volume":"11","author":"Maniscalco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-011-0336-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Plasma metabolic profile in COPD patients: effects of exercise and endurance training","volume":"8","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/INMD.20230023","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The translational potential of the lung microbiome as a biomarker and a therapeutic target for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"1","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Med."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1394191","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Human lung microbiome on the way to cancer","volume":"2019","author":"Kovaleva","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1401448","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Lung microbiota: implications and interactions in chronic pulmonary diseases","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8578","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008578","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Disordered microbial communities in asthmatic airways","volume":"5","author":"Hilty","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2012.02.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The microbiome of the lung","volume":"160","author":"Beck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4217","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01967-14","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Severity-related changes of bronchial microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"52","author":"Garcia-Nu\u00f1ez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/cdt3.66","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Interactions between the lung microbiome and host immunity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chronic Dis. Transl. Med."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.12.88","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The microbiome and lung cancer","volume":"11","author":"Maddi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00821-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The dynamic lung microbiome in health and disease","volume":"21","author":"Natalini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-021-01872-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30510-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Functional effects of the microbiota in chronic respiratory disease","volume":"7","author":"Budden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-019-0867-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Relationship between the respiratory microbiome and the severity of airflow limitation, history of exacerbations and circulating eosinophils in COPD patients","volume":"19","author":"Millares","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pulm. Med."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-214168","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sputum microbiome profiling in COPD: beyond singular pathogen detection","volume":"75","author":"Ditz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105095","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Association of sputum microbiome with clinical outcome of initial antibiotic treatment in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbations of COPD","volume":"160","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.868086","type":"journal-article","article-title":"COPD and gut-lung axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence COPD and related therapeutics","volume":"13","author":"Qu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13050804","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Lung and gut microbiome in COPD","volume":"13","author":"Karakasidis","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.05.008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Understanding the holobiont: how microbial metabolites affect human health and shape the immune system","volume":"26","author":"Postler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016384","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Analysis of the lung microbiome in the \u201chealthy\u201d smoker and in COPD","volume":"6","author":"Erb-Downward","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-210741","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sputum microbiome temporal variability and dysbiosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: an analysis of the COPDMAP study","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01406-2015","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Lung microbiome dynamics in COPD exacerbations","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/kjm2.12147","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamic changes of gut and lung microorganisms during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations","volume":"36","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1487393","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Exploring the potential role of microbiota and metabolites in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"15","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201806-1135OC","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sputum microbiome is associated with 1-year mortality after chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalizations","volume":"199","author":"Leitao Filho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5886","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19701-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Disease-associated gut microbiome and metabolome changes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"11","author":"Bowerman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-022-00581-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Gut-lung microbiota interactions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): potential mechanisms driving progression to COPD and epidemiological data","volume":"200","author":"De Nuccio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9272","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO01363C","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Prophylactic effects of oral administration of Lactobacillus casei on house dust mite-induced asthma in mice","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2017.07.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Gut, microbiota-dependent trimethylamine-N-oxide is associated with long-term all-cause mortality in patients with exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"45","author":"Ottiger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202110-2241OC","type":"journal-article","article-title":"(SPIROMICS Research Group) Lung microbiota and metabolites collectively associate with clinical outcomes in milder stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"206","author":"Madapoosi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255337","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Multi-omics subtyping pipeline for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"16","author":"Gillenwater","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202306-0978ED","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Leveraging omics to predict chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: the \u201cImmunome\u201d","volume":"208","author":"Polverino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01930-2017","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Integration of multi-omics datasets enables molecular classification of COPD","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011106","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Multi-omics analysis identified drug repurposing targets for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.785232","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Multiplatform metabolomics studies of human cancers with NMR and mass spectrometry imaging","volume":"9","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/540153a","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolomics: small molecules, single cells","volume":"540","author":"Fessenden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"jbrae2f95bib167","first-page":"479","type":"book","article-title":"Future perspectives of metabolomics: gaps, planning, and recommendations","author":"Soni","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Journal of Breath Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/ae2f95","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/ae2f95\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/ae2f95","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/ae2f95\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/ae2f95\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/ae2f95\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/ae2f95\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/ae2f95\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T08:59:37Z","timestamp":1767689977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/ae2f95"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"references-count":167,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/ae2f95","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-7155","1752-7163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-7155","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-7163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The role of metabolomics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: from analytic techniques to clinical applications","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Breath Research","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2025-06-30","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-12-19","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-01-06","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}