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Breath Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Real-time characterization of e-cigarettes chemical constituents\u2019 persistence in the respiratory tract is essential for exposure assessment and health risk evaluation, but has not been previously demonstrated. In this study, proton transfer reaction-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) is integrated with multivariate statistical analysis to select volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from commercially available e-liquid products and to track their washout kinetics. Participants (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>\n                        \n                      <\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    = 10) inhaled single puffs from an e-cigarette loaded with unflavoured e-liquid base, or cinnamon, or peppermint\/menthol flavour. Exhaled breath samples were collected before and after e-cigarette puff and subsequently analysed with PTR-ToF-MS. Multivariate analysis identified compounds significantly elevated post-vaping (VIP\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>\n                        \n                      <\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    1,\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>\n                        \n                      <\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>\n                        \n                      <\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    0.05), including flavour components and potential thermal degradation products. Real-time washout monitoring (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>\n                        \n                      <\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    = 3) revealed that e-liquid-related VOCs can be retained for up to 32 min post-vaping, though substantial inter-individual variability was observed. These findings demonstrate the potential of PTR-ToF-MS as a non-invasive tool for real-time breath analysis of e-cigarette exposure, providing insight into the short-term kinetics and retention of e-cigarette constituents. This approach is well-suited for application in larger cohort studies aimed at exposure assessment and toxicokinetic evaluation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/aeac7a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:50:01Z","timestamp":1790376601000},"page":"046004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application of PTR-ToF-MS for detecting and tracking E-liquid aroma compounds in exhaled breath"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0288-0422","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joris","family":"Meurs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trace Detection Laboratory, Radboud University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Kemkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trace Detection Laboratory, Radboud University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Sakkoula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trace Detection Laboratory, Radboud University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9012-4119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona M","family":"Cristescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trace Detection Laboratory, Radboud University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"jbraeac7abib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2023-058033","type":"journal-article","volume":"34","author":"Diaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"jbraeac7abib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.743060\/full","type":"journal-article","volume":"9","author":"Margham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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