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Herein we systematically evaluated the role of side-wall pore architecture in the direct-ink-writing bioceramic scaffolds on mechanical properties and osteogenic capacity in rabbit calvarial defects. The pure calcium silicate (CSi) and dilute Mg-doped CSi (CSi\u2013Mg6) scaffolds with different layer thickness and macropore sizes were prepared by varying the layer deposition mode from single-layer printing (SLP) to double-layer printing (DLP) and then by undergoing one-, or two-step sintering. It was found that the dilute Mg doping and\/or two-step sintering schedule was especially beneficial for improving the compressive strength (\u223c25\u2013104 MPa) and flexural strength (\u223c6\u201318 MPa) of the Ca-silicate scaffolds. The histological analysis for the calvarial bone specimens\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    revealed that the SLP scaffolds had a high osteoconduction at the early stage (4 weeks) but the DLP scaffolds displayed a higher osteogenic capacity for a long time stage (8\u201312 weeks). Although the DLP CSi scaffolds displayed somewhat higher osteogenic capacity at 8 and 12 weeks, the DLP CSi\u2013Mg6 scaffolds with excellent fracture resistance also showed appreciable new bone tissue ingrowth. These findings demonstrate that the side-wall pore architecture in 3D printed bioceramic scaffolds is required to optimize for bone repair in calvarial bone defects, and especially the Mg doping wollastontie is promising for 3D printing thin-wall porous scaffolds for craniomaxillofacial bone defect treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/aa663c","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]],"date-time":"2017-03-13T07:45:19Z","timestamp":1489391119000},"page":"025003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":163,"title":["Bone regeneration in 3D printing bioactive ceramic scaffolds with improved tissue\/material interface pore architecture in thin-wall bone defect"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Huifeng","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"},{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiurong","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rui\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital & the 3rd Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical College, Rui\u2019an 325200,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"},{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"},{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rui\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital & the 3rd Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical College, Rui\u2019an 325200,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guojing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rui\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital & the 3rd Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical College, Rui\u2019an 325200,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanzhong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongru","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bfaa663cbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14952","DOI":"10.1021\/am502716t","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D artificial bones for bone repair prepared by computed tomography-guided fused deposition modeling for bone repair","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Appl. 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