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However, due to bone cavity structure, osteomyelitis tends to occur inside the bone and thus lacks an effective treatment; anti-inflammatory treatment and repair of bone defects are necessary. Here, we developed injectable hydrogel microspheres loaded with naringin and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, which have anti-inflammatory and osteogenic properties. These homogeneous microspheres, ranging from 200 to 1000 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m, can be rapidly fabricated using an electro-assisted bio-fabrication method. Interestingly, it was found that microspheres with relatively small diameters (200 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m) were more conducive to the initial cell attachment, growth, spread, and later osteogenic differentiation. The developed microspheres can effectively treat tibial osteomyelitis in rats within six weeks, proving their prospects for clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/aceaaf","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T18:31:21Z","timestamp":1690396281000},"page":"045009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Injectable rBMSCs-laden hydrogel microspheres loaded with naringin for osteomyelitis treatment"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Minyi","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8067-8772","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lixuen","family":"Siow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihui","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9099-0831","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9445-0007","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7700-4697","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mengfei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1131-7455","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Huiming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bfaceaafbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy559","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Osteomyelitis complicating sacral pressure ulcers: whether or not to treat with antibiotic therapy","volume":"68","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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