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Removing abnormal nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue is an important step to facilitate bony fusion during the healing process. We analyzed publicly available single-cell transcriptome data for human normal and degenerative NP to identify genes associated with NP degeneration. A novel poly(glycolide-co-caprolactone)@polylactide (PLA)-b-aniline pentamer (AP)-b-PLA\/chitosan-<jats:italic>\u03f5<\/jats:italic>-polylysine (PGCL@1PAP\/10CSPL) scaffold with good biocompatibility and electroactivity was designed and fabricated as an implant for IDD treatment using 3D printing technology. The PGCL@1PAP\/10CSPL scaffold exhibited superior hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial activity compared to PGCL. Fibronectin 1 (FN1), identified from single-cell transcriptome analysis, was loaded into the PGCL@1PAP\/10CSPL scaffold to accelerate the abnormal NP degeneration. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> experiments indicated that the PGCL@1PAP\/10CSPL-FN1 scaffold enhanced osteogenic differentiation, promoted angiogenesis, and facilitated the removal of damaged disc tissue. This study introduces a novel implant system with desirable mechanical strength and unique bone-promoting and vascularizing properties for lumbar interbody fusion in IDD treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ad998f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T09:18:56Z","timestamp":1734081536000},"page":"015032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["3D printed PGCL@PLA\/10CSPL composite scaffolds loaded with fibronectin 1 for intervertebral disc degeneration treatment"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Weilin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengbang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhencong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiwen","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinguo","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongrui","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weixiong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yen","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2222-2973","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinsong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bfad998fbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"392","author":"James","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bfad998fbib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2020.02.175","article-title":"Global low back pain prevalence and years lived with disability from 1990 to 2017: estimates from the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. 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