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In this study, we present a novel interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (OxiCMC) for bioprinting a biomimetic corneal stroma equivalent. We tested different combinations of GelMA and OxiCMC to optimize printability and subsequently evaluated these combinations using rheological studies for gelation and other physical, chemical, and biological properties. Using digital light processing (DLP) bioprinting, with tartrazine as a photoabsorber, we successfully biofabricated three-dimensional constructs with improved shape fidelity, high resolution, and excellent reproducibility. The bioprinted constructs mimic the native corneal stroma\u2019s curvature, with central and peripheral thicknesses of 478.9 \u00b1 56.5 <jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>m and 864.0 \u00b1 79.3 <jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>m, respectively. The dual crosslinking strategy, which combines Schiff base reaction and photocrosslinking, showed an improved compressive modulus (106.3 \u00b1 7.7 kPa) that closely matched that of native tissues (115.3 \u00b1 13.6 kPa), without relying on synthetic polymers, toxic crosslinkers, or nanoparticles. Importantly, the optical transparency of tartrazine-containing corneal constructs was comparable to the native cornea following phosphate-buffered saline washing. Morphological analyses using scanning electron microscopy confirmed the improved porosity, interconnected network, and structural integrity of the GelMA-OxiCMC hydrogel, facilitating better nutrient diffusion and cell viability. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> biological assays demonstrated high cell viability (&gt;93%) and desirable proliferation of human corneal keratocytes within the biofabricated constructs. Our findings indicate that the GelMA-OxiCMC hydrogel system for DLP bioprinting presents a promising alternative for corneal tissue engineering, offering a potential solution to the donor cornea shortage and advancing regenerative medicine for corneal repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/adab27","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T22:54:36Z","timestamp":1737068076000},"page":"025011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Digital light processing 3D bioprinting of biomimetic corneal stroma equivalent using gelatin methacryloyl and oxidized carboxymethylcellulose interpenetrating network hydrogel"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7876-7100","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rashik","family":"Chand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0851-2874","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gopinathan","family":"Janarthanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Elkhoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7644-0721","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sanjairaj","family":"Vijayavenkataraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bfadab27bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001666","article-title":"Etiology of global corneal blindness and current practices of corneal transplantation a focused review","volume":"37","author":"Mathews","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"bfadab27bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.4776","article-title":"Global survey of corneal transplantation and eye banking","volume":"134","author":"Gain","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"bfadab27bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2017.11.002","article-title":"Updates on managements for keratoconus","volume":"30","author":"Mohammadpour","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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