{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:01:27Z","timestamp":1789041687118,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82172395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172395"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","award":["7222318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7222318"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biofabrication"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is increasingly applied in bone defect repair due to its excellent biocompatibility and absence of artifact formation. However, the bio-inertness and inadequate mechanical properties of untreated PEEK remain significant challenges for PEEK-based implants. Hence, this study prepares a series of silicon nitride (Si<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>N<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) fiber-reinforced PEEK composite porous scaffolds using twin-screw melt mixing-extrusion and material extrusion 3D printing. Comprehensive evaluations assess the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, osteogenic differentiation, angiogenesis activities, and antibacterial performances of various composites. Characterization results show that Si<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>N<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> fiber-reinforced PEEK composites exhibit excellent printability, with well-oriented Si<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>N<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> fibers uniformly distributed throughout the matrix. Furthermore, compared to non-reinforced PEEK, the addition of 8% Si<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>N<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> fibers enhanced Young\u2019s modulus by 52.2% (6.36 GPa). Additionally, both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> results indicate that all composite scaffolds exhibit excellent biocompatibility. Notably, the 8% Si<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>N<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> fiber-reinforced PEEK composite demonstrated optimal multifunctional performance in osteogenic induction, angiogenic capacity, and antibacterial efficacy, significantly outperforming other experimental groups. In conclusion, this study offers a solution for enhancing the mechanical, anti-infective, and osseointegrative properties of PEEK, demonstrating its great potential for expanding the application of non-metallic orthopedic implants in bone defect repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/add9d3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T22:51:47Z","timestamp":1747435907000},"page":"035014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Additive manufacturing of silicon nitride fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone composites with enhanced mechanical strength and multifunctional bioactivity for load-bearing bone defect repair"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shengxin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haozheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panpan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengguang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiedong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiasheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouzhan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8140-0361","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Feng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bfadd9d3bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-66","article-title":"Bone regeneration: current concepts and future directions","volume":"9","author":"Dimitriou","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-020-0204-2","article-title":"Materials design for bone-tissue engineering","volume":"5","author":"Koons","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343ra83","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad5904","article-title":"Tissue-engineered autologous grafts for facial bone reconstruction","volume":"8","author":"Bhumiratana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-017-0095-5","article-title":"Natural graft tissues and synthetic biomaterials for periodontal and alveolar bone reconstructive applications: a review","volume":"21","author":"Sheikh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomater. Res."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E50","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001179","article-title":"Reconstruction of the upper cervical spine using a personalized 3D-printed vertebral body in an adolescent with Ewing sarcoma","volume":"41","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mser.2004.11.001","article-title":"Surface modification of titanium, titanium alloys, and related materials for biomedical applications","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. R"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2024.112850","article-title":"Titanium-based alloys and composites for orthopedic implants applications: a comprehensive review","volume":"241","author":"","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.01.012","article-title":"Topological design and additive manufacturing of porous metals for bone scaffolds and orthopaedic implants: a review","volume":"83","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.11.035","article-title":"Evaluating metallic artefact of biodegradable magnesium-based implants in magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"15","author":"Espiritu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.07.013","article-title":"PEEK biomaterials in trauma, orthopedic, and spinal implants","volume":"28","author":"Kurtz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2016.03.013","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of PVA-PEEK\/PVA-\u03b2-TCP bilayered hydrogels for articular cartilage tissue repair","volume":"128","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109333","article-title":"3D printing high interfacial bonding polyether ether ketone components via pyrolysis reactions","volume":"198","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.4c00262","article-title":"A preclinical trial protocol using an ovine model to assess scaffold implant biomaterials for repair of critical-sized mandibular defects","volume":"10","author":"Xin","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2014.11.030","article-title":"High-strength, surface-porous polyether-ether-ketone for load-bearing orthopedic implants","volume":"13","author":"Evans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.04.023","article-title":"Inflammatory tissue response in human soft tissue is caused by a higher particle load near carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK compared to titanium plates","volume":"180","author":"Fleischhacker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2024.111670","article-title":"Tailoring microenvironment responsive Fe\/Cu micro-galvanic couples on polyetheretherketone for selective antibacteria and osteogenesis","volume":"284","author":"Hou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Composites B"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2010.06.002","article-title":"Inflammatory response against different carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK wear particles compared with UHMWPE in vivo","volume":"6","author":"Utzschneider","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2022.05.011","article-title":"Magnesium surface-activated 3D printed porous PEEK scaffolds for in vivo osseointegration by promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis","volume":"20","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2022.110266","article-title":"Layer-by-layer assembled black phosphorus\/chitosan composite coating for multi-functional PEEK bone scaffold","volume":"246","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Composites B"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.130806","article-title":"Dual-functional polyetheretherketone surface modification for regulating immunity and bone metabolism","volume":"426","author":"Huo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100928","article-title":"Dual aldehyde cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogels loaded with PRP and NGF biofunctionalized PEEK interfaces to enhance osteogenesis and vascularization","volume":"24","author":"An","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2024.111258","article-title":"Surface-activated 3D-printed PEEK implant enhances anti-infection and osteogenesis","volume":"273","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Composites B"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2024.02.054","article-title":"Dual-functional polyetheretherketone surface modification for enhanced osseointegration and antibacterial activity in pH-responsive manner","volume":"200","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11040656","article-title":"Flexural properties and fracture behavior of CF\/PEEK in orthogonal building orientation by FDM: microstructure and mechanism","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2021.109508","article-title":"Additively-manufactured PEEK\/HA porous scaffolds with excellent osteogenesis for bone tissue repairing","volume":"232","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Composites B"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2022.110292","article-title":"Mechanical and electrical properties of additive manufactured high-performance continuous glass fiber reinforced PEEK composites","volume":"247","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Composites B"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2022.11.003","article-title":"A biomimetic gradient porous cage with a micro-structure for enhancing mechanical properties and accelerating osseointegration in spinal fusion","volume":"23","author":"Jia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-8842(87)90038-1","article-title":"Silicon nitride fibers and silicon oxynitride fibers obtained by the nitridation of polycarbosilane","volume":"13","author":"Okamura","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.02.027","article-title":"A microporous surface containing Si3N4\/Ta microparticles of PEKK exhibits both antibacterial and osteogenic activity for inducing cellular response and improving osseointegration","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11020216","article-title":"Mechanical properties optimization of poly-ether-ether-ketone via fused deposition modeling","volume":"11","author":"Deng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17052","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.3c00240","article-title":"CFD-DEM investigation on effects of fiber deformation during 3D printing process based on fused deposition","volume":"62","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2023.111067","article-title":"Improving mechanical performances at room and elevated temperatures of 3D printed polyether-ether-ketone composites by combining optimal short carbon fiber content and annealing treatment","volume":"267","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Composites B"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2020.101701","article-title":"Mechanics of nozzle clogging during direct ink writing of fiber-reinforced composites","volume":"37","author":"Croom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112333","article-title":"Additively-manufactured PEEK\/HA porous scaffolds with highly-controllable mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility","volume":"128","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.02.002","article-title":"Porosity of 3D biomaterial scaffolds and osteogenesis","volume":"26","author":"Karageorgiou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/0032-3861(83)90144-1","article-title":"The morphology of poly(aryl-ether-ether-ketone)","volume":"24","author":"Blundell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2016.12.005","article-title":"Characterization of thermally annealed PEEK and CFR-PEEK composites: structure-properties relationships","volume":"136","author":"Regis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2020.101876","article-title":"On the use of confocal microscopy for calculating the surface microroughness and the respective hydrophobic properties of marble specimens","volume":"33","author":"Tsigarida","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeurceramsoc.2023.12.048","article-title":"Enhancing mechanical property, osteogenesis and angiogenesis of 3D-plotted \u03b2-tricalcium phosphate bioceramic scaffolds incorporated with magnesium silicate: in vitro and in vivo study","volume":"44","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Eur. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9639","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TB01868C","article-title":"3D-plotted zinc silicate\/\u03b2-tricalcium phosphate ceramic scaffolds enable fast osteogenesis by activating the p38 signaling pathway","volume":"10","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(97)00073-2","article-title":"Elastic properties of human cortical and trabecular lamellar bone measured by nanoindentation","volume":"18","author":"Rho","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10835","article-title":"Anatomical region, and additional variables influence Young\u2019s modulus of bone: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"7","author":"Kov\u00e1cs","year":"2023","journal-title":"JBMR Plus"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2013.04.020","article-title":"Tissue properties of the human vertebral body sub-structures evaluated by means of microindentation","volume":"25","author":"Dall\u2019Ara","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2024.103976","article-title":"Effect of fiber content on mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced polyether-ether-ketone composites prepared using screw extrusion-based online mixing 3D printing","volume":"80","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1080\/09276440.2018.1451677","article-title":"Improved mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced PTFE composites by growing graphene oxide on carbon fiber surface","volume":"25","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compos. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2021.05.130","article-title":"Enhancement of mechanical strength and osteogenesis, and inhibition of osteoclastic activity for \u03b2-tricalcium phosphate bioceramics by incorporating calcium silicate and magnesium-strontium phosphate","volume":"47","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-023-11592-x","article-title":"Effect of porosity on the quality of 3D printed structures","volume":"127","author":"Jhunjhunwala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2020.101105","article-title":"Two coatings that enhance mechanical properties of fused filament-fabricated carbon-fiber reinforced composites","volume":"32","author":"Barone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2023.108257","article-title":"Investigation on creep mechanism of CF\/PEEK composite material using molecular dynamics","volume":"129","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2011.04.003","article-title":"Effect of silicon nitride nanoparticles on the crystallization behavior of polypropylene","volume":"30","author":"Hao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2020.108175","article-title":"Preparation of short CF\/GF reinforced PEEK composite filaments and their comprehensive properties evaluation for FDM-3D printing","volume":"198","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Composites B"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15086","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-023-08923-4","article-title":"3D printable CNTs and BN hybridized PEEK composites for thermal management applications","volume":"58","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2009.04.005","article-title":"A novel fiber-reinforced polyethylene composite with added silicon nitride particles for enhanced thermal conductivity","volume":"40","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Composites A"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2017.12.191","article-title":"Study on thermo physical properties of hemp, jute and glass fiber reinforced polyester composites","volume":"5","author":"Subba Raju","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101591","article-title":"Synergistic effect of hybrid fillers\/polydimethylsiloxane composites on enhancing thermal conductivity","volume":"28","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2015.11.013","article-title":"Thermal aging and reinforcement type effects on the tribological, thermal, thermomechanical, physical and morphological properties of poly(ether ether ketone) composites","volume":"88","author":"Karsli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Composites B"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2019.110756","article-title":"Systematic approach to characterize the dynamics of protein adsorption on the surface of biomaterials using proteomics","volume":"188","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S75557","article-title":"Effect of surface roughness on osteogenesis in vitro and osseointegration in vivo of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone\u2013nanohydroxyapatite composite","volume":"10","author":"Deng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.12.025","article-title":"Microwave assisted coating of bioactive amorphous magnesium phosphate (AMP) on polyetheretherketone (PEEK)","volume":"85","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-022-00223-y","article-title":"Biomechanics and mechanobiology of the bone matrix","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2779","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-019-03313-0","article-title":"Mechanical property of FDM printed ABS: influence of printing parameters","volume":"102","author":"Samykano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-022-08860-7","article-title":"Fused deposition modeling: process, materials, parameters, properties, and applications","volume":"120","author":"Rajan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1608-3","article-title":"High concentration of sodium metasilicate impairs autophagic flux and induces apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells","volume":"191","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1039\/C2BM00108J","article-title":"The effect of silicate ions on proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and cell signalling pathways (WNT and SHH) of bone marrow stromal cells","volume":"1","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2744","article-title":"Ionic silicon improves endothelial cells\u2019 survival under toxic oxidative stress by overexpressing angiogenic markers and antioxidant enzymes","volume":"12","author":"Monte","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2006.06.025","article-title":"Surface treatments of titanium dental implants for rapid osseointegration","volume":"23","author":"Le Gu\u00e9hennec","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2019.117299","article-title":"In situ molecular vibration insights into the antibacterial behavior of silicon nitride bioceramic versus gram-negative Escherichia coli","volume":"223","author":"Boschetto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A"},{"key":"bfadd9d3bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2020.100731","article-title":"Mineral density differences between femoral cortical bone and trabecular bone are not explained by turnover rate alone","volume":"13","author":"Lerebours","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Rep."}],"container-title":["Biofabrication"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/add9d3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/add9d3\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/add9d3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/add9d3\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/add9d3\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/add9d3\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/add9d3\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/add9d3\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T12:42:00Z","timestamp":1748522520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/add9d3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/add9d3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-5082","1758-5090"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-5082","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-5090","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Additive manufacturing of silicon nitride fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone composites with enhanced mechanical strength and multifunctional bioactivity for load-bearing bone defect repair","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biofabrication","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2024-12-24","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-05-16","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-05-29","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}