{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T17:15:36Z","timestamp":1793466936614,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["CA27948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA27948"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000148","name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ECCS 1934991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECCS 1934991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000148","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000147","name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CMMI 2342257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMMI 2342257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000147","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100023610","name":"Cancer Center at Illinois","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Seed grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Seed grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100023610","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007297","name":"Office of Naval Research Global","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Award No. N00014-22-1-2577"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Award No. N00014-22-1-2577"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biofabrication"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in drug resistance, with extracellular matrix mechanics, cell-cell crosstalk, and transport barriers contributing to poor therapeutic outcomes. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures fail to capture these features, and drug efficacy in 2D often does not translate to three-dimensional (3D) models or\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    tumors. Here, we present a 3D tumor model integrated with a high-throughput biomechanical sensor array that enables simultaneous measurement of cellular forces and matrix remodeling. The platform, fabricated using a scalable and cost-effective micro-milling approach, supports the parallel generation of multiple tumor constructs within a single dish. To demonstrate feasibility, we formed\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    tumors using patient-derived pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma organoids, cancer cells, and stromal fibroblasts. The sensors were then applied to characterize the evolving biophysical properties of these tumors (tissue force and stiffness) and to evaluate responses to chemotherapy drug, Gemcitabine, and the investigational agent, all-trans retinoic acid. Drug responses in 3D tumors were compared with those in 2D cultures. By combining biochemical and biomechanical readouts, this 3D platform provides a more physiologically relevant tumor model and a powerful tool for preclinical drug testing and personalized medicine.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae5347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T22:54:01Z","timestamp":1773788041000},"page":"025015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Biomechanical 3D tumor models on a micro-milled high-throughput force sensor array"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5211-8014","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bashar","family":"Emon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1764-3838","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ahmadreza","family":"Kashefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1936-1917","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md Habibur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darbaz","family":"Adnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Ospina-Munoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seamus M","family":"Mellican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C","family":"Drennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5555-2222","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md Saddam","family":"Hossain Joy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0451-8316","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aja A","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tasmia","family":"Afrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0807-3893","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luca S","family":"Santovito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bumsoo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle C","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faraz","family":"Bishehsari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2152-5116","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M Taher A","family":"Saif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bfae5347bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/S41592-025-02769-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"From 2D to 3D and beyond: the evolution and impact of in vitro tumor models in cancer research","volume":"22","author":"Rauner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"bfae5347bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-024-00994-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Scaffold-based 3D cell culture models in cancer research","volume":"31","author":"Abuwatfa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"bfae5347bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02281-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D tumor cultures for drug resistance and screening development in clinical applications","volume":"24","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"bfae5347bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0210134","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Three-dimensional matrix stiffness modulates mechanosensitive and phenotypic alterations in oral squamous cell carcinoma spheroids","volume":"8","author":"Sheth","year":"2024","journal-title":"APL Bioeng."},{"key":"bfae5347bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3729","DOI":"10.1021\/ACSBIOMATERIALS.0C01530","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D in vitro models for investigating the role of stiffness in cancer invasion","volume":"9","author":"Micalet","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"bfae5347bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10889","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604460103","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Migration of tumor cells in 3D matrices is governed by matrix stiffness along with cell-matrix adhesion and proteolysis","volume":"18","author":"Zaman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"bfae5347bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2439-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microfabricated tissues for investigating traction forces involved in cell migration and tissue morphogenesis","volume":"74","author":"Nerger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"bfae5347bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0069850","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Three-dimensional quantification of cellular traction forces and mechanosensing of thin substrata by fourier traction force microscopy","volume":"8","author":"Del \u00c1lamo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bfae5347bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.593879","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Inhomogeneities in 3D collagen matrices impact matrix mechanics and cancer cell migration","volume":"8","author":"Hayn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"bfae5347bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0058138","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A novel 3D Fibril force assay implicates src in tumor cell force generation in collagen networks","volume":"8","author":"Polackwich","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bfae5347bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-024-02632-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamic traction force measurements of migrating immune cells in 3D biopolymer matrices","volume":"20","author":"B\u00f6hringer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"bfae5347bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3685","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Three-dimensional force microscopy of cells in biopolymer networks","volume":"13","author":"Steinwachs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"bfae5347bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabf2629","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abf2629","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A novel method for sensor-based quantification of single\/multicellular force dynamics and stiffening in 3D matrices","volume":"7","author":"Emon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"bfae5347bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-024-01106-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A multi-functional sensor for cell traction force, matrix remodeling and biomechanical assays in self-assembled 3D tissues in vitro","volume":"20","author":"Emon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"bfae5347bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"rs","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5199838\/v1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Veratridine, a plant-derived alkaloid, suppresses the hyperactive Rictor-mTORC2 pathway: a new targeted therapy for primary and metastatic colorectal cancer","author":"Eikanger","year":"n.d.","journal-title":"Res. Sq."},{"key":"bfae5347bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ACTBIO.2023.11.015","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nuclear deformation regulates YAP dynamics in cancer associated fibroblasts","volume":"173","author":"Emon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"bfae5347bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.2311995120","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Synapses without tension fail to fire in an in vitro network of hippocampal neurons","volume":"120","author":"Hossain Joy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"bfae5347bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10097","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900174106","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microfabricated tissue gauges to measure and manipulate forces from 3D microtissues","volume":"106","author":"Legant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"bfae5347bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1039\/C5LC00234F","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Micromilling: a method for ultra-rapid prototyping of plastic microfluidic devices","volume":"15","author":"Guckenberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"bfae5347bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1007\/S00170-020-06205-W","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Micromilling research: current trends and future prospects","volume":"111","author":"Serje","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"bfae5347bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/S00170-020-06445-W","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A review on micro-milling: recent advances and future trends","volume":"112","author":"Bal\u00e1zs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"bfae5347bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1039\/C8LC01273C","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A novel technique for in situ uniaxial tests of self-assembled soft biomaterials","volume":"19","author":"Elhebeary","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"bfae5347bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2018.07.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biophysics of tumor microenvironment and cancer metastasis\u2014A mini review","volume":"16","author":"Emon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"bfae5347bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56847-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Increased stiffness of the tumor microenvironment in colon cancer stimulates cancer associated fibroblast-mediated prometastatic activin A signaling","volume":"10","author":"Bauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae5347bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e352","DOI":"10.1038\/oncsis.2017.54","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Matrix stiffness induces epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition and promotes chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells","volume":"6","author":"Rice","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"key":"bfae5347bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/ONCOTARGET.12772","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Highly aligned stromal collagen is a negative prognostic factor following pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma resection","volume":"7","author":"Drifka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"bfae5347bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ACTBIO.2017.11.037","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Viscoelastic properties of human pancreatic tumors and in vitro constructs to mimic mechanical properties","volume":"67","author":"Rubiano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"bfae5347bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89152-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Decoupling chemical and mechanical signaling in colorectal cancer cell migration","volume":"15","author":"Tetrick","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae5347bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.106.097998","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of collagen gel microstructure and mechanics using multiphoton microscopy","volume":"92","author":"Raub","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"bfae5347bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-02233-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mechanosensitive changes in the expression of genes in colorectal cancer-associated fibroblasts","volume":"10","author":"Emon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"bfae5347bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/TOXSCI\/KFX289","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ingelman-sundberg, comparison of hepatic 2D sandwich cultures and 3D spheroids for long-term toxicity applications: a multicenter study","volume":"162","author":"Bell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"bfae5347bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.00033","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Is it time to start transitioning from 2D to 3D cell culture?","volume":"7","author":"Jensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"bfae5347bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2015.3767","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparison of 2D- and 3D-culture models as drug-testing platforms in breast cancer","volume":"33","author":"Imamura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"bfae5347bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.3390\/DDC3020024","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Two-dimensional and spheroid-based three-dimensional cell culture systems: implications for drug discovery in cancer","volume":"3","author":"Del M.b. Garnique","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drugs Drug Candidates"},{"key":"bfae5347bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-024-02458-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A three-dimensional ex vivo model recapitulates in vivo features and drug resistance phenotypes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"39","author":"Kanari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"bfae5347bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-13333-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Study protocol: multi-centre, randomised controlled clinical trial exploring stromal targeting in locally advanced pancreatic cancer; STARPAC2","volume":"25","author":"Kocher","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"bfae5347bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-022-00860-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The immunomodulatory role of all-trans retinoic acid in tumor microenvironment","volume":"23","author":"Bi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"bfae5347bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18636-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phase I clinical trial repurposing all-trans retinoic acid as a stromal targeting agent for pancreatic cancer","volume":"11","author":"Kocher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"bfae5347bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12630","type":"journal-article","article-title":"ATRA mechanically reprograms pancreatic stellate cells to suppress matrix remodelling and inhibit cancer cell invasion","volume":"7","author":"Chronopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"bfae5347bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5482","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.02777","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Improvements in survival and clinical benefit with gemcitabine as first-line therapy for patients with advanced pancreas cancer: a randomized trial","volume":"41","author":"Burris","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. clin. oncol."},{"key":"bfae5347bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1159\/000055290","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Gemcitabine: progress in the treatment of pancreatic cancer","volume":"60","author":"Heinemann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"bfae5347bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026595525977","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Gemcitabine and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer","volume":"11","author":"Heinemann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"bfae5347bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-022-00370-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Patient-derived pancreatic cancer-on-a-chip recapitulates the tumor microenvironment","volume":"8","author":"Haque","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"bfae5347bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9070705","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Multiplex patient-based drug response assay in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Armstrong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"bfae5347bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.3390\/MI12080991","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recent advances in reactive ion etching and applications of high-aspect-ratio microfabrication","volume":"12","author":"Huff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"bfae5347bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.3390\/mi12050542","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reduced etch lag and high aspect ratios by deep reactive ion etching (Drie)","volume":"12","author":"Gerlt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"bfae5347bib47","article-title":"Formlabs design specifications - SAIC advanced output center","author":"Advanced Output Center","year":"n.d.","type":"web-resource"},{"key":"bfae5347bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MOLLIQ.2025.127978","type":"journal-article","article-title":"PDMS surface wettability modification and its applications: a systematic review","volume":"434","author":"Ramos","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"bfae5347bib49","article-title":"GitHub - gnea\/grbl-mega: an open source, embedded, high performance g-code-parser and CNC milling controller written in optimized C that will run on an arduino mega2560","author":"Jeon","type":"web-resource"},{"key":"bfae5347bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1109\/JMEMS.2013.2262605","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fabrication of freestanding 1-D PDMS microstructures using capillary micromolding","volume":"22","author":"Rajagopalan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Microelectromech. Syst."},{"key":"bfae5347bib51","article-title":"Certificate of analysis for corning collagen I high concentration (HC)","author":"Corning Incorporated","year":"n.d.","type":"web-resource"},{"key":"bfae5347bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI.INSIGHT.177697","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Circadian transcriptome of pancreatic adenocarcinoma unravels chronotherapeutic targets","volume":"9","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCI Insight"}],"container-title":["Biofabrication"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae5347","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae5347\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae5347","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae5347\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae5347\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae5347\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae5347\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae5347\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T11:44:59Z","timestamp":1774611899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae5347"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae5347","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-5082","1758-5090"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-5082","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-5090","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Biomechanical 3D tumor models on a micro-milled high-throughput force sensor array","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biofabrication","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2025-09-23","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-03-17","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-03-27","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}