{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:34:56Z","timestamp":1793226896735,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":365,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001039","name":"Neurosurgical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001039","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (Ideas","award":["2003775)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2003775)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DP230102705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP230102705"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biofabrication"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Conductive soft materials are emerging as critical platforms for interfacing with electrogenic cells, such as neurons and cardiomyocytes. Unlike rigid metal electrodes, these materials offer tuneable conductivity for reliable electrical communication, tissue-like softness for mechanical compliance, and chemical or bioactive functionalities for effective integration with biological systems. However, achieving an optimal balance between the material properties required to control biological functionality, including conductivity, modulus, bending stiffness, charge injection capacity and biocompatibility, remains a significant challenge that is strongly dependent on the fabrication pathway selected. The array of advanced biofabrication methodologies available to researchers continues to expand rapidly, enabling both \u2018top down\u2019 approaches that start with bulk materials and \u2018bottom up\u2019 approaches that enable more precise formation of structures from molecular building blocks. To equip researchers with a practical toolkit for understanding the design trade-offs involved in creating effective bio-interfaces for translation into the clinic in areas such as neuroengineering and cardiac modelling, here we provide a comprehensive review of the interdependencies between material properties, fabrication techniques and functionalisation strategies for these materials, highlighting how they can impact upon the ability to communicate with and control cell behaviour. We first provide an overview of the key interaction mechanisms between electrogenic cells and conductive artificial materials, then introduce some key classes of conductive soft materials, highlighting the impact of their material properties on controlling interactions with electrogenic cells. We then discuss how these material properties are critical for optimising fabrication techniques, with a focus on identifying the strengths and limitations of the array of biofabrciation techniques in the context of specific bioelectronic applications. Subsequently, strategies for tailoring post-fabrication surface chemistry to enhance cell adhesion, growth pathways and prevention of foreign body responses are discussed. Finally, we conclude with a consideration of where these strategies are being employed in both emerging applications (\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and clinical translation to create soft conductive bioelectronic devices to address challenges in health and society, highlighting emerging opportunities and potential new directions for the future.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae6370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T22:51:08Z","timestamp":1776898268000},"page":"022010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nanoengineering conductive soft interfaces for electrogenic cell interactions: a review of materials, fabrication and functionalisation strategies"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1247-6914","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bin","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Future Industries Institute, Adelaide University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6804-0661","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica M","family":"de la Perrelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Future Industries Institute, Adelaide University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Future Industries Institute, Adelaide University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4650-9772","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rhys J","family":"Tunnadine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bath"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2349-2541","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mansi","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Future Industries Institute, Adelaide University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Future Industries Institute, Adelaide University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, University Drive"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5761-1860","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew J","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Future Industries Institute, Adelaide University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bfae6370bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The rise of plastic bioelectronics","volume":"540","author":"Someya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bfae6370bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202207847","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D bioelectronics with a remodellable matrix for long-term tissue integration and recording","volume":"35","author":"Boys","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202106787","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recent progress in materials chemistry to advance flexible bioelectronics in medicine","volume":"34","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7583","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201501809","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A review of patterned organic bioelectronic materials and their biomedical applications","volume":"27","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00502","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Materials-driven soft wearable bioelectronics for connected healthcare","volume":"124","author":"Gong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"bfae6370bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsamd.2020.07.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Advances in three-dimensional nanostructures for intracellular recordings from electrogenic cells","volume":"5","author":"Khraiche","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1089\/bioe.2024.0039","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bioelectronic therapeutics: a revolutionary medical practice in health care","volume":"7","author":"Garg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioelectricity"},{"key":"bfae6370bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1007\/s11814-024-00318-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Soft implantable bioelectronics for the management of neurological disorders and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Korean J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"bfae6370bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44510-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A self-powered intracardiac pacemaker in swine model","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"bfae6370bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c10028","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Stretchable, self-rolled, microfluidic electronics enable conformable neural interfaces of brain and vagus neuromodulation","volume":"18","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"bfae6370bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-025-00819-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Materials design and integration strategies for soft bioelectronics in digital healthcare","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.8b00491","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Wearable and implantable soft bioelectronics using two-dimensional materials","volume":"52","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"bfae6370bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202521164","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Materials and system design for self-decision bioelectronic systems","volume":"38","author":"Zeng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2025.101961","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Leveraging biomimetic materials for bioelectronics","volume":"8","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"bfae6370bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-chembioeng-101420-024336","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Wearable and implantable soft bioelectronics: device designs and material strategies","volume":"12","author":"Sunwoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202005805","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D electrodes for bioelectronics","volume":"33","author":"Cho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-025-00798-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Materials and device strategies to enhance spatiotemporal resolution in bioelectronics","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.4c00163","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Soft bioelectronics using nanomaterials and nanostructures for neuroengineering","volume":"57","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"bfae6370bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1038\/s44287-025-00174-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Three-dimensional micro- and nanomanufacturing techniques for high-fidelity wearable bioelectronics","volume":"2","author":"Fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"bfae6370bib20","author":"Thakur","year":"2024","type":"book"},{"key":"bfae6370bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082382","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Organic bioelectronics: materials and biocompatibility","volume":"19","author":"Feron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1179\/175355511X13109965351275","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Functionalisation of solid material surface with functional protein molecules for bioelectronic properties","volume":"26","author":"Haruyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mater. Technol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23746149.2021.1899850","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biofunctional conducting polymers: synthetic advances, challenges, and perspectives towards their use in implantable bioelectronic devices","volume":"6","author":"Baker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Phys. X"},{"key":"bfae6370bib24","volume":"vol 1","author":"Iost","year":"2022","type":"book"},{"key":"bfae6370bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.11.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Interplay between biomaterials and the immune system: challenges and opportunities in regenerative medicine","volume":"155","author":"Salthouse","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18149","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160818149","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A review of cell adhesion studies for biomedical and biological applications","volume":"16","author":"Khalili","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib27","first-page":"85","author":"Prasadh","year":"2020","type":"book"},{"key":"bfae6370bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.622524","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Foreign body reaction to implanted biomaterials and its impact in nerve neuroprosthetics","volume":"9","author":"Carnicer-Lombarte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10261","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Polylysine for skin regeneration: a review of recent advances and future perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Zarrintaj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioeng. Transl. Med."},{"key":"bfae6370bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8217","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms12118217","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cell-biomaterial mechanical interaction in the framework of tissue engineering: insights, computational modeling and perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Sanz-Herrera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2115857119","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Prevention of the foreign body response to implantable medical devices by inflammasome inhibition","volume":"119","author":"Barone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"bfae6370bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a005108","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Extracellular matrix: functions in the nervous system","volume":"3","author":"Barros","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40128-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Tissue-specific extracellular matrix accelerates the formation of neural networks and communities in a neuron-glia co-culture on a multi-electrode array","volume":"9","author":"Lam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae6370bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.1c01212","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Functional bioelectronic materials for long-term biocompatibility and functionality","volume":"4","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-023-00102-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Soft bioelectronics for the management of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"2","author":"Sunwoo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioeng."},{"key":"bfae6370bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-024-00194-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Skin-inspired soft bioelectronic materials, devices and systems","volume":"2","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioeng."},{"key":"bfae6370bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.106715","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Perspectives on tissue-like bioelectronics for neural modulation","volume":"26","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"bfae6370bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7978","DOI":"10.1039\/d0cs00333f","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recent advances in bioelectronics chemistry","volume":"49","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"bfae6370bib39","article-title":"Interfacing electrogenic cells on carbon materials","author":"Seyock","year":"2018","type":"other"},{"key":"bfae6370bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202003610","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neuromorphic engineering: from biological to spike\u2010based hardware nervous systems","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2148","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The action potential in mammalian central neurons","volume":"8","author":"Bean","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.165","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Next-generation pacemakers: from small devices to biological pacemakers","volume":"15","author":"Cingolani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.10.061807.160518","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neural stimulation and recording electrodes","volume":"10","author":"Cogan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"bfae6370bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2004.10.020","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of excitable tissue: design of efficacious and safe protocols","volume":"141","author":"Merrill","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"bfae6370bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6874","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.4c00468","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of cells: drivers, technology, and effects","volume":"125","author":"Kadan-Jamal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"bfae6370bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202104701","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-based neural interfaces for recording and stimulation: fundamental aspects and in Vivo applications","volume":"9","author":"Bianchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-023-00622-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Organic mixed conductors for bioinspired electronics","volume":"9","author":"Gkoupidenis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202306191","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Organic mixed ionic\u2013electronic conductors for bioelectronic sensors: materials and operation mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202010116","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Understanding photocapacitive and photofaradaic processes in organic semiconductor photoelectrodes for optobioelectronics","volume":"31","author":"Paltrinieri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00284","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Untangling photofaradaic and photocapacitive effects in organic optoelectronic stimulation devices","volume":"8","author":"\u00d0erek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.652608","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nanoengineering InP quantum dot-based photoactive biointerfaces for optical control of neurons","volume":"15","author":"Karatum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202300473","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photo-chemical stimulation of neurons with organic semiconductors","volume":"10","author":"Savva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TC03477K","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bulk-heterojunction photocapacitors with high open-circuit voltage for low light intensity photostimulation of neurons","volume":"9","author":"Srivastava","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"bfae6370bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00817-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Chronic electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves via deep-red light transduced by an implanted organic photocapacitor","volume":"6","author":"Silver\u00e5 Ejneby","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"bfae6370bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-023-00022-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neural modulation with photothermally active nanomaterials","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioeng."},{"key":"bfae6370bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1141","type":"journal-article","article-title":"ThermoTRP channels and beyond: mechanisms of temperature sensation","volume":"4","author":"Patapoutian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0037109","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The physics of plasma membrane photostimulation","volume":"9","author":"Manfredi","year":"2021","journal-title":"APL Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-022-00943-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optocapacitance: physical basis and its application","volume":"14","author":"Pinto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biophys. Rev."},{"key":"bfae6370bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8911","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08911","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photothermal cellular stimulation in functional bio-polymer interfaces","volume":"5","author":"Martino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae6370bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4863","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/54\/16\/002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrical conductivity of tissue at frequencies below 1 MHz","volume":"54","author":"Gabriel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"N243","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/9\/N03","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of the averaging volume and algorithm on the in situ electric field for uniform electric- and magnetic-field exposures","volume":"55","author":"Hirata","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(02)00506-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrical and thermal behavior of non-ferrous noble metal electrodes exposed to MRI fields","volume":"20","author":"Bhavaraju","year":"2002","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"bfae6370bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202105281","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Emerging bioelectronic strategies for cardiovascular tissue engineering and implantation","volume":"18","author":"Cox\u2010Pridmore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"bfae6370bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.02.024","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mechanical properties of gray and white matter brain tissue by indentation","volume":"46","author":"Budday","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2023.111888","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Viscoelastic response of gray matter and white matter brain tissues under creep and relaxation","volume":"162","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"bfae6370bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.22647","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Influence of substrate stiffness on the phenotype of heart cells","volume":"105","author":"Bhana","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"bfae6370bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ac2b7a","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mechanical properties of whole-body soft human tissues: a review","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(99)00072-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The glial scar and central nervous system repair","volume":"49","author":"Fawcett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"bfae6370bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2005.08.015","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Response of brain tissue to chronically implanted neural electrodes","volume":"148","author":"Polikov","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"bfae6370bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e19950","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Immune response to foreign materials in spinal fusion surgery","volume":"9","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"bfae6370bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13009","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00146","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Organic bioelectronics: bridging the signaling gap between biology and technology","volume":"116","author":"Simon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"bfae6370bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4700","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00539","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Organic bioelectronics for in vitro systems","volume":"122","author":"Pitsalidis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"bfae6370bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00265","type":"journal-article","article-title":"In vivo comparison of the charge densities required to evoke motor responses using novel annular penetrating microelectrodes","volume":"9","author":"Brunton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0153094","type":"journal-article","article-title":"PEDOT: PSS-coated platinum electrodes for neural stimulation","volume":"7","author":"Dijk","year":"2023","journal-title":"APL Bioeng."},{"key":"bfae6370bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201702969","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Living bioelectronics: strategies for developing an effective long\u2010term implant with functional neural connections","volume":"28","author":"Goding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1109\/ner49283.2021.9441282","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Maximizing charge injection limits of iridium oxide electrodes with a programmable anodic bias circuit","volume":"2021","author":"Ersoz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. IEEE\/EMBS Conf. Neural Eng."},{"key":"bfae6370bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6766","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00275","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Conductive polymers: opportunities and challenges in biomedical applications","volume":"118","author":"Nezakati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"bfae6370bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201901372","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Soft and ion-conducting materials in bioelectronics: from conducting polymers to hydrogels","volume":"9","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.3390\/app7121292","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Flexible and organic neural interfaces: a review","volume":"7","author":"Lago","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.11.018","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Stiffness, strength and adhesion characterization of electrochemically deposited conjugated polymer films","volume":"31","author":"Qu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1038\/s41428-023-00784-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Novel highly stable conductive polymer composite PEDOT:DBSA for bioelectronic applications","volume":"55","author":"Tumov\u00e1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polym. J."},{"key":"bfae6370bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202208881","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Stability of thin film neuromodulation electrodes under accelerated aging conditions","volume":"33","author":"Oldroyd","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2014.04.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The biological and electrical trade-offs related to the thickness of conducting polymers for neural applications","volume":"10","author":"Baek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6515","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TC00145E","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-ionic liquid coating improves neural recording and stimulation functionality of MEAs","volume":"3","author":"Du","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"bfae6370bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.02.037","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biofunctionalized PEDOT-coated microfibers for the treatment of spinal cord injury","volume":"89","author":"Alves-Sampaio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bfae6370bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201304611","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Highly conductive PEDOT: PSS nanofibrils induced by solution\u2010processed crystallization","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201703019","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Scaling effects on the electrochemical stimulation performance of Au, Pt, and PEDOT: PSS electrocorticography arrays","volume":"27","author":"Ganji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201806133","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Stretchable conductive polymers and composites based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS","volume":"31","author":"Kayser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202100061","type":"journal-article","article-title":"PEDOT:PSS\u2010based bioelectronic devices for recording and modulation of electrophysiological and biochemical cell signals","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-025-00948-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"PEDOT:PSS-based bioelectronics for brain monitoring and modulation","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"bfae6370bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2007.00335.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrically conductive biodegradable polymer composite for nerve regeneration: electricity\u2010stimulated neurite outgrowth and axon regeneration","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"bfae6370bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33032","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b11546","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrically conductive polydopamine\u2013polypyrrole as high performance biomaterials for cell stimulation in vitro and electrical signal recording in vivo","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.09.037","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fabrication and biocompatibility of polypyrrole implants suitable for neural prosthetics","volume":"26","author":"George","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bfae6370bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2014.0338","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrical stimulation using conductive polymer polypyrrole promotes differentiation of human neural stem cells: a biocompatible platform for translational neural tissue engineering","volume":"21","author":"Stewart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. C"},{"key":"bfae6370bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(20000615)50:4<574::AID-JBM13>3.0.CO;2-I","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole-hyaluronic acid composite biomaterials for tissue engineering applications","volume":"50","author":"Collier","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"bfae6370bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.11.040","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Physical surface and electromechanical properties of doped polypyrrole biomaterials","volume":"31","author":"Gelmi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bfae6370bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(02)00448-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrochemical deposition and characterization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) on neural microelectrode arrays","volume":"89","author":"Cui","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"bfae6370bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030658","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Conducting polymer mediated electrical stimulation induces multilineage differentiation with robust neuronal fate determination of human induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"9","author":"Tomaskovic-Crook","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"bfae6370bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.12.027","type":"journal-article","article-title":"\u03a0-conjugated polyaniline-assisted flexible titania nanotubes with controlled surface morphology as regenerative medicine in nerve cell growth","volume":"360","author":"Shrestha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"bfae6370bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3390\/electronicmat2030028","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Highly flexible polyaniline-based implantable electrode materials for neural sensing\/stimulation applications","volume":"2","author":"Almufleh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Electron. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1002\/term.383","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Application of conductive polymers, scaffolds and electrical stimulation for nerve tissue engineering","volume":"5","author":"Ghasemi-Mobarakeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"bfae6370bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synthmet.2010.01.007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mechanical properties of polyaniline","volume":"160","author":"Valentov\u00e1","year":"2010","journal-title":"Synth. Met."},{"key":"bfae6370bib103","first-page":"1","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"Nanoparticle and polyaniline loaded neuroconduits: electrical and biological properties","author":"Kumeda","year":"2024"},{"key":"bfae6370bib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2019.06.382","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid as a surfactant on the properties of polyaniline\/graphene nanocomposites","volume":"17","author":"Adrian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Today: Proc."},{"key":"bfae6370bib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246-021-00217-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Organic semiconductors for light-mediated neuromodulation","volume":"2","author":"Medagoda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Mater"},{"key":"bfae6370bib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4356","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00685","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Semiconducting polymers for neural applications","volume":"122","author":"Dimov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"bfae6370bib107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4826","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00390","type":"journal-article","article-title":"In vivo organic bioelectronics for neuromodulation","volume":"122","author":"Berggren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"bfae6370bib108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202500181","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Multimodal platforms for light-mediated organic bioelectronics","volume":"n\/a","author":"Gentile","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10824","DOI":"10.1021\/am403022d","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A nonconjugated bridge in dimer-sensitized solar cells retards charge recombination without decreasing charge injection efficiency","volume":"5","author":"Sunahara","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246-020-0023-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photovoltaic organic interface for neuronal stimulation in the near-infrared","volume":"1","author":"Airaghi Leccardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201800141","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optical windows for head tissues in near\u2010infrared and short\u2010wave infrared regions: approaching transcranial light applications","volume":"11","author":"Golovynskyi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biophotonics"},{"key":"bfae6370bib112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solmat.2017.09.007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The origin of performance limitations in miniemulsion nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic devices","volume":"175","author":"Al-Mudhaffer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells"},{"key":"bfae6370bib113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202309672","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Enhanced photocatalytic and photovoltaic performance arising from unconventionally low donor\u2013Y6 ratios","volume":"36","author":"Dolan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib114","first-page":"1","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"Conjugated polymer nanoparticles for multifunctional bioelectronics and sensing P3ht:Pcbm-Nps embedded in peo hydrogel","author":"Ciocca","year":"2025"},{"key":"bfae6370bib115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2752-5724\/ace3dd","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Expanding the potential of biosensors: a review on organic field effect transistor (OFET) and organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) biosensors","volume":"2","author":"Niu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Futures"},{"key":"bfae6370bib116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202005630","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A brief history of OLEDs\u2014emitter development and industry milestones","volume":"33","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14180","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00955","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Renewed prospects for organic photovoltaics","volume":"122","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"bfae6370bib118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202107330","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Near-infrared materials: the turning point of organic photovoltaics","volume":"34","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/s44287-024-00080-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Progress of organic photovoltaics towards 20% efficiency","volume":"1","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"bfae6370bib120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11885","DOI":"10.1021\/jp3067712","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cation exchange at semiconducting oxide surfaces: origin of light-induced performance increases in porphyrin dye-sensitized solar cells","volume":"117","author":"Griffith","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"bfae6370bib121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SE01149H","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A nuanced approach for assessing OPV materials for large scale applications","volume":"4","author":"Al-Ahmad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. Energy Fuels"},{"key":"bfae6370bib122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202001298","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Polymer photodetectors for printable, flexible, and fully tissue equivalent x-ray detection with zero-bias operation and ultrafast temporal responses","volume":"6","author":"Posar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57703","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c16914","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Flexible polymer x-ray detectors with non-fullerene acceptors for enhanced stability: toward printable tissue equivalent devices for medical applications","volume":"13","author":"Large","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2058-8585\/ac32aa","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A review of printable, flexible and tissue equivalent materials for ionizing radiation detection","volume":"6","author":"Posar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Flex. Print. Electron."},{"key":"bfae6370bib125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00830K","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Semiconducting electrodes for neural interfacing: a review","volume":"52","author":"Ahnood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"bfae6370bib126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5570","DOI":"10.1039\/D5MH00096C","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Poly(3-hexylthiophene) as a versatile semiconducting polymer for cutting-edge bioelectronics","volume":"12","author":"Abdel Aziz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"bfae6370bib127","first-page":"189","author":"Endeman","year":"2014","type":"book"},{"key":"bfae6370bib128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3768","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tb20213e","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Organic semiconductors for artificial vision","volume":"1","author":"Martino","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"bfae6370bib129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1164","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A hybrid bioorganic interface for neuronal photoactivation","volume":"2","author":"Ghezzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"bfae6370bib130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2021.3051408","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Organic semiconductors for optically triggered neural interfacing: the impact of device architecture in determining response magnitude and polarity","volume":"27","author":"Sherwood","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"bfae6370bib131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202202229","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Design parameters and human biocompatibility assessment protocols for organic semiconducting neural interfaces: toward a printed artificial retina with color vision","volume":"10","author":"Sherwood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.12.108","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evaluation and improvement of organic semiconductors\u2019 biocompatibility towards fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes","volume":"260","author":"\u0160afa\u0159\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"bfae6370bib133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11649","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b02603","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mechanical properties of solution-processed small-molecule semiconductor films","volume":"8","author":"Rodriquez","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1002\/brx2.47","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Flexible, ultrathin bioelectronic materials and devices for chronically stable neural interfaces","volume":"1","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain\u2010X"},{"key":"bfae6370bib135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-0679-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Materials for flexible bioelectronic systems as chronic neural interfaces","volume":"19","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5068","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00531","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Soft bioelectronics based on nanomaterials","volume":"122","author":"Cho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"bfae6370bib137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.202402458","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Elastomers for soft electronics: a review from the material\u2019s perspective","volume":"27","author":"Chakraborti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosx.2025.100597","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Conductive polymer composites in soft robotics, flexible sensors and energy storage: fabrication, applications and challenges","volume":"24","author":"Tazwar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron. X"},{"key":"bfae6370bib139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202307990","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ga\u2010based liquid metals: versatile and biocompatible solutions for next\u2010generation bioelectronics","volume":"34","author":"Chung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.202500716","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recent advances in conductive rubber composites: progress, challenges, and emerging opportunities","volume":"47","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"key":"bfae6370bib141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smmf.2024.100053","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Challenges and advancements in elastomer\/CNT nanocomposites with mechanochemical treatment, reinforcement mechanisms and applications","volume":"2","author":"Adu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Manuf."},{"key":"bfae6370bib142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2019.12.026","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hydrogel machines","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"bfae6370bib143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246-024-00541-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hydrogels for next generation neural interfaces","volume":"5","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.0c00309","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Functional conductive hydrogels for bioelectronics","volume":"2","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Mater. Lett."},{"key":"bfae6370bib145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-022-00483-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hydrogel interfaces for merging humans and machines","volume":"7","author":"Yuk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202422869","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Conducting hydrogel\u2010based neural biointerfacing technologies","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CS01074D","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Implantable hydrogels as pioneering materials for next-generation brain\u2013computer interfaces","volume":"54","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"bfae6370bib148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09003-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pure PEDOT:PSS hydrogels","volume":"10","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"bfae6370bib149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adj4397","type":"journal-article","article-title":"N-type semiconducting hydrogel","volume":"384","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bfae6370bib150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3390\/electronicmat5030008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recent advances of conductive hydrogels for flexible electronics","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Electron. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s42823-022-00443-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Factors affecting the electrical conductivity of conducting polymers","volume":"33","author":"Pooja","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbon Lett."},{"key":"bfae6370bib152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2010.06.084","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Conducting-polymer-based supercapacitor devices and electrodes","volume":"196","author":"Snook","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"bfae6370bib153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2573","type":"journal-article","article-title":"In vivo recordings of brain activity using organic transistors","volume":"4","author":"Khodagholy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"bfae6370bib154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3905","type":"journal-article","article-title":"NeuroGrid: recording action potentials from the surface of the brain","volume":"18","author":"Khodagholy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6003","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.0c01293","type":"journal-article","article-title":"High conductivities of disordered P3HT films by an electrochemical doping strategy","volume":"32","author":"Neusser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6467","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mechanical properties of organic semiconductors for stretchable, highly flexible, and mechanically robust electronics","volume":"117","author":"Root","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"bfae6370bib157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-020-0696-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Subretinally injected semiconducting polymer nanoparticles rescue vision in a rat model of retinal dystrophy","volume":"15","author":"Maya-Vetencourt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03386-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Design and validation of a foldable and photovoltaic wide-field epiretinal prosthesis","volume":"9","author":"Ferlauto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"bfae6370bib159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246-021-00133-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photovoltaic retinal prosthesis restores high-resolution responses to single-pixel stimulation in blind retinas","volume":"2","author":"Chenais","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3678","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31180-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"POLYRETINA restores light responses in vivo in blind G\u00f6ttingen minipigs","volume":"13","author":"Vagni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"bfae6370bib161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202301223","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities of implantable neural interfaces: from material, electrochemical and biological perspectives","volume":"33","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202205145","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mechanically tissue\u2010like and highly conductive au nanoparticles embedded elastomeric fiber electrodes of brain\u2013machine interfaces for chronic in vivo brain neural recording","volume":"32","author":"Won","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00173J","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recent advances in conductive hydrogels: classifications, properties, and applications","volume":"52","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"bfae6370bib164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00595H","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hydrogel bioelectronics","volume":"48","author":"Yuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"bfae6370bib165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202314471","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D printed implantable hydrogel bioelectronics for electrophysiological monitoring and electrical modulation","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0335-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Soft and elastic hydrogel-based microelectronics for localized low-voltage neuromodulation","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"bfae6370bib167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7337","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c18030","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Implantable soft neural electrodes of liquid metals for deep brain stimulation","volume":"19","author":"Kwon","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"bfae6370bib168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/acb084","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Methods of poly(3,4)-ethylenedioxithiophene (PEDOT) electrodeposition on metal electrodes for neural stimulation and recording","volume":"20","author":"Niederhoffer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"bfae6370bib169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EE00688G","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Morphology control strategies for solution-processed organic semiconductor thin films","volume":"7","author":"Diao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings12081115","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Thin-film coating methods: a successful marriage of high-quality and cost-effectiveness\u2014a brief exploration","volume":"12","author":"Butt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Coatings"},{"key":"bfae6370bib171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2023.05.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Review of thin film deposition and techniques","volume":"92","author":"Budida","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today: Proc."},{"key":"bfae6370bib172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1039\/b408857n","type":"journal-article","article-title":"6 studies of spin-coated polymer films","volume":"101","author":"Norrman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem. C"},{"key":"bfae6370bib173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solmat.2016.01.012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fully roll-to-roll prepared organic solar cells in normal geometry with a sputter-coated aluminium top-electrode","volume":"149","author":"Andersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells"},{"key":"bfae6370bib174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1002\/ente.201402174","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Roll-to-roll sputter coating of aluminum cathodes for large-scale fabrication of organic photovoltaic devices","volume":"3","author":"Griffith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Technol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2015.2487968","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Combining printing, coating, and vacuum deposition on the roll-to-roll scale: a hybrid organic photovoltaics fabrication","volume":"22","author":"Griffith","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"bfae6370bib176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2020.00022","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Printable organic semiconductors for radiation detection: from fundamentals to fabrication and functionality","volume":"8","author":"Griffith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Phys."},{"key":"bfae6370bib177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10897","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TC01477J","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Tuning photoelectrochemical performance of poly(3-hexylthiophene) electrodes via surface structuring","volume":"8","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"bfae6370bib178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1039\/B814833C","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Continuous production of uniform poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanofibers by electrospinning and their electrical properties","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"bfae6370bib179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28125","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b08822","type":"journal-article","article-title":"High-aspect-ratio semiconducting polymer pillars for 3D cell cultures","volume":"11","author":"Tullii","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116446","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Monolayer, open-mesh, pristine PEDOT:PSS-based conformal brain implants for fully MRI-compatible neural interfaces","volume":"260","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"bfae6370bib181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36314","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Printing inks of electroactive polymer PEDOT: PSS: the study of biocompatibility, stability, and electrical properties","volume":"106","author":"St\u0159\u00edtesk\u00fd","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"bfae6370bib182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22718","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Light-evoked hyperpolarization and silencing of neurons by conjugated polymers","volume":"6","author":"Feyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae6370bib183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2013.34","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A polymer optoelectronic interface restores light sensitivity in blind rat retinas","volume":"7","author":"Ghezzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"bfae6370bib184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201900198","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optical pacing of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes mediated by a conjugated polymer interface","volume":"8","author":"Lodola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201304368","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A polymer optoelectronic interface provides visual cues to a blind retina","volume":"26","author":"Gautam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4874","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A fully organic retinal prosthesis restores vision in a rat model of degenerative blindness","volume":"16","author":"Maya-Vetencourt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.47363\/JMSMR\/2024(5)169","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optimizing spin-coat speed for fabrication of P3HT: PCBM solar cells","volume":"169","author":"Mounika","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Manuf. Res."},{"key":"bfae6370bib188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4962390","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Investigating phase separation and structural coloration of self-assembled ternary polymer thin films","volume":"109","author":"Vohra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"bfae6370bib189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synthmet.2024.117599","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Aqueous inks for ecofriendly processing of organic solar cells: investigation of morphological changes","volume":"305","author":"Rammal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Synth. Met."},{"key":"bfae6370bib190","author":"Laval","year":"2024","type":"book"},{"key":"bfae6370bib191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6338","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.1c00581","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Advanced control of drug delivery for in vivo health applications via highly biocompatible self-assembled organic nanoparticles","volume":"4","author":"Crovador","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5298","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00593","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrospinning and electrospun nanofibers: methods, materials, and applications","volume":"119","author":"Xue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"bfae6370bib193","first-page":"43","author":"Kije\u0144ska","year":"2017","type":"book"},{"key":"bfae6370bib194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/390518","type":"journal-article","article-title":"In vivo biocompatibility of PLGA-polyhexylthiophene nanofiber scaffolds in a rat model","volume":"2013","author":"Subramanian","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed. Res. Int."},{"key":"bfae6370bib195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4833","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b19631","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photoconductive micro\/nanoscale interfaces of a semiconducting polymer for wireless stimulation of neuron-like cells","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.05.036","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An electro-spun tri-component polymer biomaterial with optoelectronic properties for neuronal differentiation","volume":"139","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6591","DOI":"10.1039\/D0SM00593B","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrospun cellulose-based conductive polymer nanofibrous mats: composite scaffolds and their influence on cell behavior with electrical stimulation for nerve tissue engineering","volume":"16","author":"Zha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"bfae6370bib198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202200709","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Flexible neural interfaces based on 3D PEDOT:PSS micropillar arrays","volume":"9","author":"Lunghi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202500051","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultra-flexible \u00b5-ECoG arrays based on PEDOT:PSS micropillars","volume":"12","author":"Lunghi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23438","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c03537","type":"journal-article","article-title":"High aspect ratio and light-sensitive micropillars based on a semiconducting polymer optically regulate neuronal growth","volume":"13","author":"Milos","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21154","DOI":"10.1039\/c2jm35086f","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Solvent-infiltration imprint lithography: a novel method to prepare large area poly(3-hexylthiophene) micro\/nano-patterns","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"bfae6370bib202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11794","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b00137","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nanostructured light-emitting polymer thin films and devices fabricated by the environment-friendly push-coating technique","volume":"10","author":"Vohra","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10785","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b22337","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Eco-friendly push-coated polymer solar cells with no active material wastes yield power conversion efficiencies over 5.5%","volume":"11","author":"Inaba","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7300","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b00192","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Large molecular weight polymer solar cells with strong chain alignment created by nanoimprint lithography","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.1021\/nn900831m","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nano-confinement induced chain alignment in ordered P3HT nanostructures defined by nanoimprint lithography","volume":"3","author":"Aryal","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"bfae6370bib206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1021\/nn2043548","type":"journal-article","article-title":"P3HT nanopillars for organic photovoltaic devices nanoimprinted by AAO templates","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"bfae6370bib207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4661","DOI":"10.1039\/C7SM00859G","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Orientation and crystallization of regioregular poly(3-dodecylthiophene) in alumina nanopores","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"bfae6370bib208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7532","DOI":"10.1021\/nn202515z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nanoimprint-induced molecular orientation in semiconducting polymer nanostructures","volume":"5","author":"Hlaing","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"bfae6370bib209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmacrolett.4c00287","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantifying and modeling the crystallinity of polymers confined in nanopores","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Macro Lett."},{"key":"bfae6370bib210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.1039\/b807285j","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Micropatterning of thin P3HT films via plasma enhanced polymer transfer printing","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"bfae6370bib211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.234","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Soft lithography for micro- and nanoscale patterning","volume":"5","author":"Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"bfae6370bib212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabq6354","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq6354","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Spatially controlled, bipolar, cortical stimulation with high-capacitance, mechanically flexible subdural surface microelectrode arrays","volume":"8","author":"Uguz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"bfae6370bib213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11051123","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Straightforward patterning of functional polymers by sequential nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation","volume":"11","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"bfae6370bib214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2023.158148","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of film thickness on laser induced surface structures formation on optically transparent polymer films","volume":"639","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1246\/bcsj.20200330","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Small molecules for vacuum-processed organic photovoltaics: past, current status, and prospect","volume":"94","author":"Venkateswararao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan"},{"key":"bfae6370bib216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1116\/1.4916990","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Vacuum thermal evaporation of polyaniline doped with camphor sulfonic acid","volume":"33","author":"Boyne","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A"},{"key":"bfae6370bib217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1021\/am1008985","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Vacuum-deposited planar heterojunction polymer solar cells","volume":"3","author":"Kovacik","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0247356","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evaluation of thermal evaporation as a deposition method for vacuum-processed polymer-based organic photovoltaic devices","volume":"3","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2025","journal-title":"APL Energy"},{"key":"bfae6370bib219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7640","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.5c00992","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Flexible-organic semiconductor devices for targeted neuron stimulation and cell growth enhancement","volume":"7","author":"Iusupovskaia","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2013.07.008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Thermal stability of P3HT and P3HT:PCBM blends in the molten state","volume":"32","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2013","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"bfae6370bib221","author":"Otero","year":"2015","type":"book"},{"key":"bfae6370bib222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.08.057","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bioelectrochemical control of neural cell development on conducting polymers","volume":"31","author":"Collazos-Castro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bfae6370bib223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4952","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TB00852F","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biofunctionalization of polydioxythiophene derivatives for biomedical applications","volume":"4","author":"Strakosas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"bfae6370bib224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1002\/polb.23138","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Vapor phase oxidative synthesis of conjugated polymers and applications","volume":"50","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci. B"},{"key":"bfae6370bib225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.4c00887","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photography-inspired patterned vapor phase polymerization of conductive PEDOT on rigid and stretchable substrates","volume":"6","author":"Edmunds","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Mater. Lett."},{"key":"bfae6370bib226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202307365","type":"journal-article","article-title":"All biodisintegratable hydrogel biohybrid neural interfaces with synergistic performances of microelectrode array technologies, tissue scaffolding, and cell therapy","volume":"34","author":"Lei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4591","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.20169","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photoactive Poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanoweb for optoelectrical stimulation to enhance neurogenesis of human stem cells","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"bfae6370bib228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(02)00415-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"In vivo studies of polypyrrole\/peptide coated neural probes","volume":"24","author":"Cui","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bfae6370bib229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201000176","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Enhanced differentiation of embryonic and neural stem cells to neuronal fates on laminin peptides doped polypyrrole","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202307536","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Engineering proteins for PEDOT dispersions: a new horizon for highly mixed ionic-electronic biocompatible conducting materials","volume":"20","author":"Dominguez-Alfaro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"bfae6370bib231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2013.10.023","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Vapour phase polymerisation of conducting and non-conducting polymers: a review","volume":"119","author":"Lawal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"bfae6370bib232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7643","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TC03789H","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Vapor phase polymerization of thieno[3,4-b]thiophene\u2013tosylate and its application for dynamic structural coloration","volume":"13","author":"Ansari","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"bfae6370bib233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202101665","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Combining vapor phase polymerization and screen printing for printed electronics on flexible substrates","volume":"7","author":"Brooke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3860","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tb20374c","type":"journal-article","article-title":"PEDOT:gelatin composites mediate brain endothelial cell adhesion","volume":"1","author":"Bongo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"bfae6370bib235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202400562","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Multifunctional conductive hydrogel interface for bioelectronic recording and stimulation","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sstr.202400696","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Conductive hydrogel-based neural interfaces: from fabrication methods, properties, to applications","volume":"n\/a","author":"Xue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small Struct."},{"key":"bfae6370bib237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014937","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A conductive polymer hydrogel supports cell electrical signaling and improves cardiac function after implantation into myocardial infarct","volume":"132","author":"Mihic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"bfae6370bib238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.22599","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Polypyrrole-chitosan conductive biomaterial synchronizes cardiomyocyte contraction and improves myocardial electrical impulse propagation","volume":"8","author":"Cui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"bfae6370bib239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36218","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b10280","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Conductive and tough hydrogels based on biopolymer molecular templates for controlling in situ formation of polypyrrole nanorods","volume":"10","author":"Gan","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7993","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52418-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Highly-stable, injectable, conductive hydrogel for chronic neuromodulation","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"bfae6370bib241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202102160","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Tissue-like optoelectronic neural interface enabled by PEDOT:PSS hydrogel for cardiac and neural stimulation","volume":"11","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4212","DOI":"10.1021\/la105109t","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Oriented Poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanofibril with the \u03c0\u2212\u03c0 stacking growth direction by solvent directional evaporation","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"bfae6370bib243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ee23987f","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mass production of a 3D non-woven nanofabric with crystalline P3HT nanofibrils for organic solar cells","volume":"6","author":"Oh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202200941","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Conducting polymer-ECM scaffolds for human neuronal cell differentiation","volume":"11","author":"Barberio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3677","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31368-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Light-induced charge generation in polymeric nanoparticles restores vision in advanced-stage retinitis pigmentosa rats","volume":"13","author":"Francia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"bfae6370bib246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13472","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c20640","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Core\u2013shell architecture in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanoparticles: tuning of the photophysical properties for enhanced neuronal photostimulation","volume":"15","author":"Barsotti","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s40580-023-00389-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recent advances in 3D printable conductive hydrogel inks for neural engineering","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Converg."},{"key":"bfae6370bib248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.1c00252","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Additive manufacturing of conducting polymers: recent advances, challenges, and opportunities","volume":"3","author":"Criado-Gonzalez","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2022.07.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Additive manufacturing (3D printing) of electrically conductive polymers and polymer nanocomposites and their applications","volume":"2","author":"Ryan","year":"2022","journal-title":"eScience"},{"key":"bfae6370bib250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5337","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c13258","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrically conductive polymers for additive manufacturing","volume":"16","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202507779","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D printing of conducting polymer hydrogels for electrostimulation-assisted tissue engineering","volume":"n\/a","author":"Tran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-022-00887-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing of soft hydrogel electronics","volume":"5","author":"Hui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"bfae6370bib253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2025.08.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Advancements in 3D-printed wearable sensors: a modern healthcare","volume":"89","author":"Vaishnav","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"bfae6370bib254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-023-00587-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D-printed PEDOT:PSS for soft robotics","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celbio.2025.100090","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Morphology-guided cellular behavior modulation with 3D-printed engineered ECM","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Biomater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s42242-021-00169-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Emerging trends and prospects of electroconductive bioinks for cell-laden and functional 3D bioprinting","volume":"5","author":"Handral","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bio-Des. Manuf."},{"key":"bfae6370bib257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202010246","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D particle free printing of biocompatible conductive hydrogel platforms for neuron growth and electrophysiological recording","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s42114-023-00665-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D printable electroconductive gelatin-hyaluronic acid materials containing polypyrrole nanoparticles for electroactive tissue engineering","volume":"6","author":"Serafin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-023-01569-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D printable high-performance conducting polymer hydrogel for all-hydrogel bioelectronic interfaces","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smsc.202400290","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Engineering conductive hydrogels with tissue-like properties: a 3D bioprinting and enzymatic polymerization approach","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small Sci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.device.2024.100519","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D-printed flexible neural probes for recordings at single-neuron level","volume":"2","author":"Momin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Device"},{"key":"bfae6370bib262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s44385-025-00009-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Stick-and-play bioadhesive hairlike electrodes for chronic EEG recording on human","volume":"2","author":"Ahmed","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Biomed. Innov."},{"key":"bfae6370bib263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19198","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c01372","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Three-dimensional-printed flexible nanosilver electrode array for parallel and robust intracellular electrophysiological recording","volume":"19","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"bfae6370bib264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202200103","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D-printed electroactive hydrogel architectures with sub-100 microm resolution promote myoblast viability","volume":"22","author":"Keate","year":"2022","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.111927","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Printable alginate\/gelatin hydrogel reinforced with carbon nanofibers as electrically conductive scaffolds for tissue engineering","volume":"122","author":"Serafin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"bfae6370bib266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202418554","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Tailoring stretchable, biocompatible, and 3D printable properties of carbon-based conductive hydrogel for bioelectronic interface applications","volume":"35","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202503454","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D-printing of electroconductive mxene-based micro-meshes in a biomimetic hyaluronic acid-based scaffold directs and enhances electrical stimulation for neural repair applications","volume":"12","author":"Woods","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201700175","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D bioprinting human induced pluripotent stem cell constructs for in situ cell proliferation and successive multilineage differentiation","volume":"6","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9070591","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A review of metal nanoparticles embedded in hydrogel scaffolds for wound healing in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Sheikh-Oleslami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"bfae6370bib270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201601167","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Inkjet-printed PEDOT:PSS electrodes on paper for electrocardiography","volume":"6","author":"Bihar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.8b00574","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Inkjet-printed neural electrodes with mechanically gradient structure","volume":"2","author":"Kokubo","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2058-8585\/aa7928","type":"journal-article","article-title":"All-inkjet-printed gold microelectrode arrays for extracellular recording of action potentials","volume":"2","author":"Bachmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Flex. Print. Electron."},{"key":"bfae6370bib273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.02.008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Development of 3D printable conductive hydrogel with crystallized PEDOT:PSS for neural tissue engineering","volume":"99","author":"Heo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"bfae6370bib274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2024.111241","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A 3D printable gelatin methacryloyl\/chitosan hydrogel assembled with conductive PEDOT for neural tissue engineering","volume":"273","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Composites B"},{"key":"bfae6370bib275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202200512","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Multiphoton lithography of organic semiconductor devices for 3D printing of flexible electronic circuits, biosensors, and bioelectronics","volume":"34","author":"Dadras\u2010Toussi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2024.104123","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Direct printing of conductive hydrogels using two-photon polymerization","volume":"84","author":"Lichade","year":"2024","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"bfae6370bib277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9790","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CC03152C","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Two-photon polymerization lithography enabling the fabrication of PEDOT:PSS 3D structures for bioelectronic applications","volume":"58","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"bfae6370bib278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200701350","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neural networks grown on organic semiconductors","volume":"18","author":"Bystrenova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202202286","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biointerface coatings with structural and biochemical properties modifications of biomaterials","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adbi.201800103","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electron microscopy for 3D scaffolds\u2013cell biointerface characterization","volume":"3","author":"Iandolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Biosyst."},{"key":"bfae6370bib281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2021.101107","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cryo atom probe: freezing atoms in place for 3D mapping","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"bfae6370bib282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2017.8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Atomic force microscopy-based characterization and design of biointerfaces","volume":"2","author":"Alsteens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1557\/mrs.2012.120","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Extracellular matrix-based materials for neural interfacing","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"MRS Bull."},{"key":"bfae6370bib284","first-page":"137","type":"book","author":"Sicari","year":"2023","edition":"3rd edn"},{"key":"bfae6370bib285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2015.01.020","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neural stem cell differentiation by electrical stimulation using a cross-linked PEDOT substrate: expanding the use of biocompatible conjugated conductive polymers for neural tissue engineering","volume":"1850","author":"Pires","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"bfae6370bib286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19901","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c02796","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of surface chemistry interaction on primary neural stem cell neurosphere responses","volume":"6","author":"Joseph","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"bfae6370bib287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(00)00344-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrical stimulation alters protein adsorption and nerve cell interactions with electrically conducting biomaterials","volume":"22","author":"Kotwal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bfae6370bib288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.200900412","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biocompatibility studies of functionalized regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) layers for sensing applications","volume":"10","author":"Scarpa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.101615","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nature-inspired surface modification strategies for implantable devices","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"bfae6370bib290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2015.05.044","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Monolayers of poly-l-lysine on mica\u2014electrokinetic characteristics","volume":"456","author":"Morga","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1039\/C8PY01351A","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Antimicrobial polylysine decorated nano-structures prepared through polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA)","volume":"10","author":"Luppi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"bfae6370bib292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2019.109487","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Extracellular matrix-cell interactions: focus on therapeutic applications","volume":"66","author":"Sainio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Signalling"},{"key":"bfae6370bib293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4523","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5523","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Large enhancement in neurite outgrowth on a cell membrane-mimicking conducting polymer","volume":"5","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"bfae6370bib294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-8-90","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cell-extracellular matrix interactions regulate neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Dev. Biol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37919","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The importance of coating surface and composition for attachment and survival of neuronal cells under mechanical stimulation","volume":"113","author":"Vroemen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"bfae6370bib296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201801578","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Extracellular matrix-based strategies for immunomodulatory biomaterials engineering","volume":"8","author":"Rowley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202400776","type":"journal-article","article-title":"P3HT-based electroactive films for in vitro neuronal cell interfacing","volume":"n\/a","author":"Campione","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2013.07.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cell adhesion promotion strategies for signal transduction enhancement in microelectrode array in vitro electrophysiology: an introductory overview and critical discussion","volume":"18","author":"Blau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2023.11.019","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4: from lab to fab","volume":"90","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"bfae6370bib300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-9-71","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Laminin enhances the growth of human neural stem cells in defined culture media","volume":"9","author":"Hall","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Neuro."},{"key":"bfae6370bib301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30602","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The influence of functional groups of self-assembled monolayers on fibrous capsule formation and cell recruitment","volume":"76A","author":"Barbosa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"bfae6370bib302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202401253","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Immunomodulatory biomaterials: tailoring surface properties to mitigate foreign body reaction and enhance tissue regeneration","volume":"13","author":"Amani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1021\/la7025973","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Species and density of implant surface chemistry affect the extent of foreign body reactions","volume":"24","author":"Nair","year":"2008","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"bfae6370bib304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201400786","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A lysinated thiophene-based semiconductor as a multifunctional neural bioorganic interface","volume":"4","author":"Bonetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17877-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Peptide-based coatings for flexible implantable neural interfaces","volume":"8","author":"Righi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae6370bib306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.20009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"In vitro assessment of bioactive coatings for neural implant applications","volume":"68A","author":"Massia","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"bfae6370bib307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.31047","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nerve growth factor-immobilized polypyrrole: bioactive electrically conducting polymer for enhanced neurite extension","volume":"81A","author":"Gomez","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"bfae6370bib308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1557\/jmr.2014.314","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrochemical deposition and characterization of carboxylic acid functionalized PEDOT copolymers","volume":"29","author":"Bhagwat","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res."},{"key":"bfae6370bib309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2009.04.119","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Specific recognition of a nucleobase-functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene) (PEDOT) in aqueous media","volume":"50","author":"Bazaco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"bfae6370bib310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2022.125507","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Manipulating the distribution of surface charge of PEDOT toward zwitterion-like antifouling properties","volume":"262","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"bfae6370bib311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2012.10.017","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Synthesis, copolymerization and peptide-modification of carboxylic acid-functionalized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOTacid) for neural electrode interfaces","volume":"1830","author":"Povlich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"bfae6370bib312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.05.016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biofunctionalization of PEDOT films with laminin-derived peptides","volume":"41","author":"Bhagwat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0257-8972(02)00085-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Improving the biocompatibility of medical implants with plasma immersion ion implantation","volume":"156","author":"M\u00e4ndl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2013.02.042","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Surface modification of polymers by plasma treatments for the enhancement of biocompatibility and controlled drug release","volume":"233","author":"Yoshida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0130829","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Plasma surface functionalization: a comprehensive review of advances in the quest for bioinstructive materials and interfaces","volume":"10","author":"Zhianmanesh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Rev."},{"key":"bfae6370bib316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.03.023","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cell patterning via linker-free protein functionalization of an organic conducting polymer (polypyrrole) electrode","volume":"8","author":"Bax","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s11090-012-9394-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Plasma surface modification of biomedical polymers: influence on cell-material interaction","volume":"32","author":"Jacobs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plasma Chem. Plasma Process."},{"key":"bfae6370bib318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.01.075","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Surface wettability and energy effects on the biological performance of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate films treated with RF plasma","volume":"62","author":"Syromotina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"bfae6370bib319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.201801247","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Surface modification of polymers: methods and applications","volume":"5","author":"Nemani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11077","DOI":"10.1039\/D5TC00053J","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Improvement of the chemical and physical gas adsorption ability of poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin films by ultraviolet-ozone exposure","volume":"13","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"bfae6370bib321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-017-0071-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optimization of ultraviolet ozone treatment process for improvement of polycaprolactone (PCL) microcarrier performance","volume":"69","author":"Samsudin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"key":"bfae6370bib322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H268","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201102378","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Highly conformable conducting polymer electrodes for in vivo recordings","volume":"23","author":"Khodagholy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-020-0067-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Conducting polymer tattoo electrodes in clinical electro- and magneto-encephalography","volume":"4","author":"Ferrari","year":"2020","journal-title":"npj Flex. Electron."},{"key":"bfae6370bib324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201702800","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Highly stretchable, compliant, polymeric microelectrode arrays for in vivo electrophysiological interfacing","volume":"29","author":"Qi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201900720","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transcranial electrical stimulation and recording of brain activity using freestanding plant\u2010based conducting polymer hydrogel composites","volume":"5","author":"Spyropoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49772-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hydrogel-based organic subdural electrode with high conformability to brain surface","volume":"9","author":"Oribe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae6370bib327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5709","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2016.7592023","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"A new soft material based in-the-ear EEG recording technique","volume":"vol 2016","author":"Hao","year":"2016"},{"key":"bfae6370bib328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202201864","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Organic neuroelectronics: from neural interfaces to neuroprosthetics","volume":"34","author":"Go","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-665X\/abefb6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Soft flexible conductive CNT nanocomposites for ECG monitoring","volume":"30","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"key":"bfae6370bib330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anbr.202400143","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Soft cardiac patch using a bifacial architecture of adhesive\/low-impedance hydrogel nanocomposites and highly conductive elastomer nanocomposites","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. NanoBiomed Res."},{"key":"bfae6370bib331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2025.116453","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Wearable ECG signal sensing system based on easily peelable highly conductive hydrogel","volume":"387","author":"Nan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A"},{"key":"bfae6370bib332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21693","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c00537","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An inkjet-printed PEDOT:PSS-based stretchable conductor for wearable health monitoring device applications","volume":"13","author":"Lo","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae6370bib333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201800598","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Programmable hydrogel ionic circuits for biologically matched electronic interfaces","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110402","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Soft neural interface with color adjusted PDMS encapsulation layer for spinal cord stimulation","volume":"417","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"bfae6370bib335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10601325.2025.2600467","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Near-infrared neural stimulation with conjugated polymer nanoparticles","volume":"63","author":"Isaeva","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Macromol. Sci. A"},{"key":"bfae6370bib336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c01562","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nanoparticles of push\u2013pull triphenylamine-based molecules for light-controlled stimulation of neuronal activity","volume":"10","author":"Luponosov","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"bfae6370bib337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202201255","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A bioactive and photoresponsive platform for wireless electrical stimulation to promote neurogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202401528","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D printed bioelectronic scaffolds with soft tissue-like stiffness","volume":"10","author":"Okafor","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-023-01069-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Soft and stretchable organic bioelectronics for continuous intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during microsurgery","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"bfae6370bib340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-025-00480-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D soft microbump electrodes for elastic interaction with brain tissue","volume":"9","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Flex. Electron."},{"key":"bfae6370bib341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09481-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"High-density soft bioelectronic fibres for multimodal sensing and stimulation","volume":"645","author":"Khatib","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bfae6370bib342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09344-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A movable long-term implantable soft microfibre for dynamic bioelectronics","volume":"645","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bfae6370bib343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.120515","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neural stem cell-loaded biohybrid hydrogel improves cochlear implants by electrode-neural coupling and neural regeneration","volume":"16","author":"Liao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"bfae6370bib344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04390-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neuroprosthetics: from sensorimotor to cognitive disorders","volume":"6","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0495-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Morphing electronics enable neuromodulation in growing tissue","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib346","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22580","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The cochlear implant: historical aspects and future prospects","volume":"295","author":"Eshraghi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"bfae6370bib347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-021-00811-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cochlear implant research and development in the twenty-first century: a critical update","volume":"22","author":"Carlyon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib348","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/17469899.2025.2474064","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Retinal prosthesis: a comprehensive review","volume":"20","author":"Menia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00836-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bioengineering strategies for restoring vision","volume":"7","author":"Cehajic-Kapetanovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"bfae6370bib350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-023-00498-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An update on visual prosthesis","volume":"9","author":"Ramirez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Retina Vitreous"},{"key":"bfae6370bib351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-01044-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Questions about the role of P3HT nanoparticles in retinal stimulation","volume":"16","author":"Palanker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"bfae6370bib352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8666","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158666","type":"journal-article","article-title":"In vitro cytotoxicity of D18 and Y6 as potential organic photovoltaic materials for retinal prostheses","volume":"23","author":"Cetkovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202400346","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Advances in material-assisted electromagnetic neural stimulation","volume":"36","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib354","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00586","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrical stimulation elicits neural stem cells activation: new perspectives in CNS repair","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"bfae6370bib355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201901482","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The future of neuroimplantable devices: a materials science and regulatory perspective","volume":"32","author":"Obidin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201906512","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Soft, implantable bioelectronic interfaces for translational research","volume":"32","author":"Schiavone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib357","article-title":"The EpiGrid study: evaluation of new flexible high-density intra-operative ECoG electrodes for epilepsy surgery.\u2014a pilot study -","author":"Hoogteijling","year":"2023","type":"web-resource"},{"key":"bfae6370bib358","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16194","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An integrated brain-machine interface platform with thousands of channels","volume":"21","author":"Musk","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"bfae6370bib359","article-title":"PRIME: an early feasibility study of a precise robotically implanted brain-computer interface for the control of external devices","author":"Neurolink Corp","year":"2024","type":"web-resource"},{"key":"bfae6370bib360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-024-00207-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Integrating organoids and organ-on-a-chip devices","volume":"2","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioeng."},{"key":"bfae6370bib361","article-title":"FDA announces plan to phase out animal testing requirement for monoclonal antibodies and other drugs","author":"U.S. FDA","year":"2025","type":"web-resource"},{"key":"bfae6370bib362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-019-0129-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Engineered materials for organoid systems","volume":"4","author":"Kratochvil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3576","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.2c00041","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Advances in organ-on-a-chip materials and devices","volume":"5","author":"Nahak","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201902042","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Advances in hydrogels in organoids and organs-on-a-chip","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae6370bib365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3304","DOI":"10.3390\/s21093304","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D printing techniques and their applications to organ-on-a-chip platforms: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Carvalho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"}],"container-title":["Biofabrication"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae6370","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae6370\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae6370","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae6370\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae6370\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae6370\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae6370\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae6370\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T08:45:59Z","timestamp":1778834759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae6370"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"references-count":365,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae6370","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-5082","1758-5090"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-5082","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-5090","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Nanoengineering conductive soft interfaces for electrogenic cell interactions: a review of materials, fabrication and functionalisation strategies","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biofabrication","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2025-11-05","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-04-22","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-05-15","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}