{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T07:46:58Z","timestamp":1782719218802,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"French RENATECH network"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019164","name":"Fondation Toulouse Cancer Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021CS103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CS103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019164","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002915","name":"Fondation pour la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EQU202403018042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EQU202403018042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002915","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"ANR","award":["21-ESRE0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-ESRE0012"]}]},{"name":"French R\u00e9gion Occitanie","award":["16007407\/MP0011594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16007407\/MP0011594"]}]},{"name":"FEDER European Regional Funds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biofabrication"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Stereolithography is now widely used in tissue engineering since it allows fine-tuning of geometry and mechanical properties to mimic the topography of tissues. However, most published studies do not detail the optimization protocols that have been used to obtain these structures. Here, we developed a generic process to print photosensitive biomaterial formulations by stereolithography to obtain a specific topography. Using the small intestine architecture as a model combining filled villi and hollow crypts, we identify key parameters that govern both printing resolution and cellular behavior. Moreover, we highlight the impact of absence of oxygen inhibition and light penetration depth in cavities, causing partially crosslinked material within crypts. This issue was resolved by adding tartrazine, a biocompatible photoabsorber that restricts crosslinking depth. Our stereolithography process allows the fabrication of intestinal models with a high precision level and the reproduction of crypt and villi structures with physiologic dimensions and high structural integrity. We show that Caco-2 cells adhere, colonize, polarize and differentiate on the printed scaffolds over 20 d of culture. The developed models could subsequently be adapted to support intestinal organoid growth and be integrated in microfluidic chips to implement mechanical and biochemical cues, representing a more physiological model with accurate dimensions to study intestinal diseases. Overall, this study provides a transferable framework for optimizing stereolithographic printing of hydrogel-based topographies allowing precise control of substrate properties for tissue engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae7c36","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T22:51:56Z","timestamp":1781218316000},"page":"035015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Generic optimization procedure for high-resolution printing by stereolithography of 3D scaffolds compatible for cell culture applied to a small intestinal architecture"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Elise","family":"Ponthier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS"},{"name":"LAAS-CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucien","family":"Guth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS"},{"name":"LAAS-CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"P\u00e9rez-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAAS-CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2503-6857","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julie","family":"Foncy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAAS-CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6520-5598","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Ferri-Angulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAAS-CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9599-3943","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Besson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Malaquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAAS-CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bfae7c36bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav9750","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Multivascular networks and functional intravascular topologies within biocompatible hydrogels","volume":"364","author":"Grigoryan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mne.2025.100301","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Stereolithography 3D printing method for multi-material hydrogel 2D photo-patterning in a microfluidic chip","volume":"27","author":"Assie-Souleille","year":"2025","journal-title":"Micro. Nano Eng."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1039\/c004285d","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Three-dimensional photopatterning of hydrogels using stereolithography for long-term cell encapsulation","volume":"10","author":"Chan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lab. Chip"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202002103","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fast stereolithography printing of large-scale biocompatible hydrogel models","volume":"10","author":"Anandakrishnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1136492","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Automatic method for fabricating a three-dimensional plastic model with photo-hardening polymer","volume":"52","author":"Kodama","year":"1981","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2017.11.062","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Resolution improvement of 3D stereo-lithography through the direct laser trajectory programming: application to microfluidic deterministic lateral displacement device","volume":"1000","author":"Juskova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30017","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b10673","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D bioprinting a cell-laden bone matrix for breast cancer metastasis study","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mat. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.01.016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The influence of stereolithographic scaffold architecture and composition on osteogenic signal expression with rat bone marrow stromal cells","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214232","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Digital light processing of photo-crosslinkable gelatin to create biomimetic 3D constructs serving small intestinal tissue regeneration","volume":"171","author":"Maes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomater. Adv."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.07.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The intestinal crypt, a prototype stem cell compartment","volume":"154","author":"Clevers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.010908.163145","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Stem cells, self-renewal, and differentiation in the intestinal epithelium","volume":"71","author":"van der Flier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.107.12.3569","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Regulation of cell number in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract: the importance of apoptosis","volume":"107","author":"Hall","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.119404","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fabrication of 3D scaffolds reproducing intestinal epithelium topography by high-resolution 3D stereolithography","volume":"221","author":"Creff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.25180","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Synthetic small intestinal scaffolds for improved studies of intestinal differentiation","volume":"111","author":"Costello","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121380","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Modulation of designer biomimetic matrices for optimized differentiated intestinal epithelial cultures","volume":"282","author":"Xi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics8010099","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparison of NIH 3T3 cellular adhesion on fibrous scaffolds constructed from natural and synthetic polymers","volume":"8","author":"McGarry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomimetics"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.112798","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The investigation of batch-to-batch variabilities in the composition of isolates from fish and mammalian species using different protocols","volume":"169","author":"Ryglova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2005.05.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Matrigel: basement membrane matrix with biological activity","volume":"15","author":"Kleinman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.05.007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bioengineered human colon organoids with in vivo-like cellular complexity and function","volume":"31","author":"Mitrofanova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Stem. Cell."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1039\/D0LC00672F","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Developing an advanced gut on chip model enabling the study of epithelial cell\/fibroblast interactions","volume":"21","author":"Verhulsel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lab. Chip"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.03.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A microengineered collagen scaffold for generating a polarized crypt-villus architecture of human small intestinal epithelium","volume":"128","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1021\/bm990017d","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Structural and rheological properties of methacrylamide modified gelatin hydrogels","volume":"1","author":"Bulcke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v020a18","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Addition of hydroxyapatite improves stiffness, interconnectivity and osteogenic potential of a highly porous collagen-based scaffold for bone tissue regeneration","volume":"20","author":"Gleeson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Cell. Mater"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11081345","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Development of a photo-crosslinking, biodegradable GelMA\/PEGDA hydrogel for guided bone regeneration materials","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.063","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Characterization of polycaprolactone\/collagen fibrous scaffolds by electrospinning and their bioactivity","volume":"76","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2010.0666","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of tunable poly(ethylene glycol): gelatin methacrylate composite hydrogels","volume":"17","author":"Hutson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/aaafa1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D bioprinting mesenchymal stem cell-laden construct with core-shell nanospheres for cartilage tissue engineering","volume":"29","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/7\/4\/045009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A simple and high-resolution stereolithography-based 3D bioprinting system using visible light crosslinkable bioinks","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.202400143","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Poly(ethylene\u2010glycol)\u2010dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) composite for stereolithographic bioprinting","volume":"309","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Macromol. Mater. Eng."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58434","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c22185","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dual-material 3D-printed intestinal model devices with integrated villi-like scaffolds","volume":"13","author":"Taebnia","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mat. Interfaces"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2023.213534","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A bioprinted 3D gut model with crypt-villus structures to mimic the intestinal epithelial-stromal microenvironment","volume":"153","author":"Torras","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomater. Adv."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14687","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c08096","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparative analysis of electron microscopy techniques for hydrogel microarchitecture characterization: SEM, Cryo-SEM, ESEM, and TEM","volume":"10","author":"Aigoin","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2018.04.027","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Direct laser fabrication of meso-scale 2D and 3D architectures with micrometric feature resolution","volume":"22","author":"Accardo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2014.07.027","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Direct laser writing of synthetic poly(amino acid) hydrogels and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylates by two-photon polymerization","volume":"43","author":"Kapyla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2008.0545","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photocrosslinking of gelatin macromers to synthesize porous hydrogels that promote valvular interstitial cell function","volume":"15","author":"Benton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.08.055","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photoinitiated polymerization of PEG-diacrylate with lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate: polymerization rate and cytocompatibility","volume":"30","author":"Fairbanks","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib37","first-page":"1","type":"book","author":"Ba\u00b4rtolo","year":"2011","edition":"(Ed)"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202000317","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Designing gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based bioinks for visible light stereolithographic 3D biofabrication","volume":"21","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1002\/pola.24017","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Overcoming the oxygen inhibition in the photopolymerization of acrylates: a study of the beneficial effect of triphenylphosphine","volume":"48","author":"Belon","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci. Part A"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.06.016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cells preferentially grow on rough substrates","volume":"31","author":"Gentile","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1968.tb20277.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Thin silicone membranes\u2013their permeation properties and some applications","volume":"146","author":"Robb","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ann. N Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24108","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Matrix stiffness modulates proliferation, chemotherapeutic response, and dormancy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells","volume":"53","author":"Schrader","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922814530803","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Amounts of artificial food dyes and added sugars in foods and sweets commonly consumed by children","volume":"54","author":"Stevens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Pediatr."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.105.2.445","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An in vitro model for the analysis of intestinal brush border assembly. I. Ultrastructural analysis of cell contact-induced brush border assembly in Caco-2BBe cells","volume":"105","author":"Peterson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90421-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Localization of villin, a cytoskeletal protein specific to microvilli, in human ileum and colon and in colonic neoplasms","volume":"94","author":"West","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7551","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01034-07","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Wnt\/beta-catenin is essential for intestinal homeostasis and maintenance of intestinal stem cells","volume":"27","author":"Fevr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ab0478","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamic photopolymerization produces complex microstructures on hydrogels in a moldless approach to generate a 3D intestinal tissue model","volume":"11","author":"Castano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2025.104735","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optimizing dimensional accuracy in two-photon polymerization: influence of energy dose and proximity effects on sub-micrometric fiber structures","volume":"103","author":"Drobecq","year":"2025","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2022.11.014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of tartrazine as photoabsorber for improved printing resolution of 3d printed \u201cghost tablets\u201d: non-erodible inert matrices","volume":"112","author":"Pariskar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1108\/RPJ-07-2016-0114","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of titanium dioxide and tartrazine lake on Z-axis resolution and physical properties of resins printed by visible-light 3D printers","volume":"24","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rapid Prototyping J"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C212","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.278.1.C212","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Secretagogue response of goblet cells and columnar cells in human colonic crypts","volume":"278","author":"Halm","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.611796","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Study on development of composite hydrogels with tunable structures and properties for tumor-on-a-chip research","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07935","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche","volume":"459","author":"Sato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.07.050","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Long-term expansion of epithelial organoids from human colon, adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and Barrett\u2019s epithelium","volume":"141","author":"Sato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16831","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Intestinal organoids for assessing nutrient transport, sensing and incretin secretion","volume":"5","author":"Zietek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.3791\/56960","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Real-time measurement of epithelial barrier permeability in human intestinal organoids","volume":"29","author":"Hill","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-021-00699-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mechanical compartmentalization of the intestinal organoid enables crypt folding and collective cell migration","volume":"23","author":"Perez-Gonzalez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2018.01.024","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Enteroid monolayers reveal an autonomous WNT and BMP circuit controlling intestinal epithelial growth and organization","volume":"44","author":"Thorne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Cell."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46497-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Self-organized intestinal epithelial monolayers in crypt and villus-like domains show effective barrier function","volume":"9","author":"Altay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2724-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Homeostatic mini-intestines through scaffold-guided organoid morphogenesis","volume":"585","author":"Nikolaev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90740-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reciprocal expression of laminin A-chain isoforms along the crypt-villus axis in the human small intestine","volume":"106","author":"Beaulieu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1002010108","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Differential expression of laminin isoforms and alpha 6-beta 4 integrin subunits in the developing human and mouse intestine","volume":"201","author":"Simon-Assmann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-022-00792-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A \u2018print-pause-print\u2019 protocol for 3D printing microfluidics using multimaterial stereolithography","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.10.038","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Towards a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system for the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells","volume":"154","author":"Tong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1506976","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fibroblasts modulate epithelial cell behavior within the proliferative niche and differentiated cell zone within a human colonic crypt model","volume":"12","author":"Massaro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ad3aa4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A 3D bioprinted hydrogel gut-on-chip with integrated electrodes for transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements","volume":"16","author":"Vera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2017.10.007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Formation of human colonic crypt array by application of chemical gradients across a shaped epithelial monolayer","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"bfae7c36bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc40074j","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Human gut-on-a-chip inhabited by microbial flora that experiences intestinal peristalsis-like motions and flow","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab. Chip"},{"key":"bfae7c36bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.119521","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A systematic investigation of the effect of the fluid shear stress on Caco-2 cells towards the optimization of epithelial organ-on-chip models","volume":"225","author":"Delon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomaterials"}],"container-title":["Biofabrication"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae7c36","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae7c36\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae7c36","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae7c36\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae7c36\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae7c36\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae7c36\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae7c36\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T07:14:25Z","timestamp":1782717265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae7c36"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae7c36","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-5082","1758-5090"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-5082","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-5090","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Generic optimization procedure for high-resolution printing by stereolithography of 3D scaffolds compatible for cell culture applied to a small intestinal architecture","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biofabrication","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2025-12-18","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-06-11","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-06-29","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}