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Organ-on-a-chip technology integrates microfluidic engineering with cell biology to recreate three-dimensional architectures, mechanical forces, and multicellular interactions of the human respiratory system. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in organ-on-a-chip platforms for modeling respiratory viral infections and host immune responses. We highlight their unique capabilities in simulating alveolar-capillary barriers, lymphoid follicle formation, and multi-organ axes including lung-brain and gut-lung communication. Furthermore, we discuss applications in antiviral drug screening, vaccine evaluation, and personalized medicine, while addressing current challenges and future directions toward standardized, multi-organ integrated, and intelligently monitored systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae7d5a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T12:21:31Z","timestamp":1782822091000},"page":"032002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Modeling respiratory viral infections and investigating immune responses: new advances in human organ chip models"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Boyang","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"name":"Southeast University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanghao","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Avatarget Biotechnology Co., Ltd"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zilin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Avatarget Biotechnology Co., Ltd"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8922-370X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zaozao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Degang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8926-7710","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhongze","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bfae7d5abib1","article-title":"Global influenza strategy 2019-2030","author":"Organization","year":"2019","type":"other"},{"key":"bfae7d5abib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2025.101452","type":"journal-article","article-title":"In vitro modeling of influenza infection in the respiratory epithelium: advanced cellular models to better understand complex host\u2013virus interactions","volume":"70","author":"Gibeaud","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. 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