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However, the construction of biomimetic\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    models of melanoma with organs-on-a-chip micro-environment have not been reported. This study aimed to design and biofabricate a novel melanoma-containing skin-on-a-chip model for the evaluation of drug responses, and to investigate the effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on melanoma progression. Our results demonstrated pronounced heterogeneity in the tumor immune microenvironment of melanoma patients. The melanoma organoids derived from patients effectively preserve the native immune components, and organoids retained both the histological features and genetic characteristics of the original tumors. Drug response assessments indicated that the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib significantly inhibited melanoma cell proliferation and induced apoptosis; while UV exposure significantly promoted melanoma progression, highlighting the role of environmental factors in tumor development. Our research suggested the biofabrication of a biomimetic melanoma organoid-containing skin-on-a-chip model could elucidate patients\u2019 specific melanoma biology, tumor immune microenvironment, and corresponding drug sensitivity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae8e03","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T22:51:44Z","timestamp":1784674304000},"page":"035051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a human melanoma organoid-containing skin-on-a-chip model for\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    drug testing and personalized medicine"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Feil","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University"},{"name":"Avatarget Co."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bochong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center"},{"name":"Fudan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiapeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avatarget Co."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avatarget Co."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avatarget Co."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonghang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avatarget Co."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianglin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center"},{"name":"Fudan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center"},{"name":"Fudan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mo","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center"},{"name":"Fudan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2151-6420","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center"},{"name":"Fudan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center"},{"name":"Fudan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8926-7710","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhongze","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wending","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center"},{"name":"Fudan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8922-370X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zaozao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bfae8e03bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305567","type":"journal-article","article-title":"New systematic therapies and trends in cutaneous melanoma deaths among US whites, 1986-2016","volume":"110","author":"Berk-Krauss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. 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All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2026-05-06","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-07-21","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-08-28","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}