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It plays a fundamental role in pulmonary ventilation. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a malformation that leads to a hole in the diaphragm during fetal development. Currently, synthetic, nondegradable membranes are used to repair diaphragm holes. However, these membranes do not promote cell adhesion and proliferation. There is a need for biodegradable membranes composed of muscle and fibroblast cells that can replicate simplified diaphragmatic tissue. Thus, we developed a biocompatible and biodegradable salt-compacted albumin membrane. C2C12 myoblasts were bioprinted as central spokes surrounded by a ring of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts onto albumin membranes. We used a bioink consisting of methacrylated collagen and hyaluronic acid that contained porous poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) solid microscaffolds. This bioink protected myoblast and fibroblast cells against mechanical stress during extrusion printing. We found that the metabolic activity of C2C12 myoblasts increased by 215% in the presence of polylysine-coated microscaffolds compared to myoblasts cultured without microscaffolds. Microscaffolds loaded with C2C12 and NIH 3T3 cells increased cell viability by 30% and 15%, respectively, and cell activity by 527% and 567%, respectively, after co-culture (5.6% increased viability and 588% cell activity) and bioprinting on an albumin membrane compared to cells in bioink without microscaffolds. Cell-loaded microscaffolds embedded in bioink promoted cross-migration of C2C12 to NIH3T3 on an albumin membrane. This study provides a preliminary proof of concept of cellularizing myoblasts and fibroblasts using extrusion bioprinting on a new biodegradable albumin membrane designed for diaphragmatic hernia patches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae9599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T22:53:32Z","timestamp":1785970412000},"page":"045013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bioprinting of BSA membranes with C2C12 and NIH 3T3 pre-cellularized PLGA microscaffold: a step toward diaphragmatic hernia patches"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2442-919X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M\u00e9lissa","family":"Langlois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrien","family":"Rousselle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9545-0646","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shane","family":"Fennell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ART BioPrint"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eya","family":"Aloui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Beurton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arielle","family":"Ferrandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Benmlih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iryna","family":"Lysova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Godet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strasbourg University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9715-8052","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hugo","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bordeaux"},{"name":"ART BioPrint"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Lavalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3834-4899","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dominique","family":"Vautier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Talon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1897-6349","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Youri","family":"Arntz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bfae9599bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2010.03.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Congenital diaphragmatic hernia","volume":"19","author":"Keijzer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. 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