{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:02:49Z","timestamp":1791241369750,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RGPIN-2019-07196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2019-07196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biofabrication"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based organ-on-a-chip (OoC) platforms typically rely on cleanroom photolithography, custom masks, and master molds, which limit their accessibility and impede rapid prototyping efforts. Here, we present a simple, mask-free, cleanroom-free method to fabricate membrane-integrated PDMS microfluidic devices using a low-cost digital craft cutter and plasma-assisted adhesive bonding. The process achieves 150\n                    <jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n                    m feature resolution, and forms PDMS-adhesive interfaces with high mechanical robustness (&gt;370 kPa tensile strength) and hydrolytic stability, supporting flow rates up to 20 ml min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    without leakage. Using this method, we fabricated one-lane and two-lane OoC platforms incorporating commercial polycarbonate membranes and lab-made bacterial nanocellulose membranes without requiring membrane modification for bonding. These membrane-integrated devices enabled rapid formation of intestinal tissues within 72 h, significantly faster than conventional PDMS or transwell-based models, which typically require 1-3 weeks to achieve epithelial differentiation. Under physiological shear stress, epithelial tissues exhibited 2-3 fold increase in expression of differentiation markers (Mucin-2, Villin) and substantial reduction in stemness marker expression compared with static culture. In two-lane co-culture systems, epithelial-endothelial interfaces developed functional barrier properties within the same 72 h window and demonstrated membrane-dependent differences in maturation, with nanocellulose membranes promoting enhanced three-dimensional organization. This cleanroom-free platform reduces fabrication barriers for membrane-integrated PDMS OoC devices. Its ability to support rapid, robust intestinal tissue formation makes it a practical platform for accessible organ-mimetic systems in research settings and translational applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae959a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T22:53:37Z","timestamp":1785970417000},"page":"035049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A cleanroom-free membrane-integrated organ-on-a-chip platform for rapid intestinal tissue formation"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5191-1195","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sara","family":"Hassanpour Tamrin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3566-8782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sorosh","family":"Abdollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W."},{"name":"Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2309-2388","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amir","family":"Sanati Nezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W."},{"name":"Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8994-8601","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arindom","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bfae959abib1","first-page":"425","type":"book","article-title":"Future of Microfluidics in Research and in the Market","author":"Bohr","year":"2019"},{"key":"bfae959abib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1002\/9781394314133.ch14","type":"book","article-title":"Microfluidic-based bioassays for high-throughput analysis","author":"Mwaurah","year":"2025"},{"key":"bfae959abib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3390\/inventions3030065","type":"journal-article","article-title":"PDMS-based microfluidic devices for cell culture","volume":"3","author":"Torino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inventions"},{"key":"bfae959abib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-024-00163-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microfluidic high-throughput 3D cell culture","volume":"2","author":"Ko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioeng."},{"key":"bfae959abib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13118","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The present and future role of microfluidics in biomedical research","volume":"507","author":"Sackmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bfae959abib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202402611","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Next\u2010generation approaches for biomedical materials evaluation: microfluidics and organ\u2010on\u2010a\u2010chip technologies","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"bfae959abib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/SMMD.20240009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Developing organs\u2010on\u2010chips for biomedical applications","volume":"3","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Smart Med."},{"key":"bfae959abib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.602646","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mechanical stimulation: a crucial element of organ-on-chip models","volume":"8","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"bfae959abib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3576","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.2c00041","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Advances in organ-on-a-chip materials and devices","volume":"5","author":"Nahak","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"bfae959abib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.09.013","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A practical guide to rapid-prototyping of PDMS-based microfluidic devices: a tutorial","volume":"1135","author":"Morbioli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"bfae959abib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.48958","type":"journal-article","article-title":"PDMS microfluidics: a mini review","volume":"137","author":"Raj","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"bfae959abib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15020076","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recent progress in PDMS-based microfluidics toward integrated organ-on-a-chip biosensors and personalized medicine","volume":"15","author":"Alghannam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"bfae959abib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bprint.2022.e00202","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recent trends of biomaterials and biosensors for organ-on-chip platforms","volume":"26","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioprinting"},{"key":"bfae959abib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5961","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CC01434H","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microfluidic generation of encapsulated droplet interface bilayer networks (multisomes) and their use as cell-like reactors","volume":"52","author":"Elani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"bfae959abib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-014-1521-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Removal of excess interfacial material from surface-modified emulsions using a microfluidic device with triangular post geometry","volume":"18","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microfluid. Nanofluid."},{"key":"bfae959abib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/micronano.2016.91","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hydrophilic surface modification of PDMS for droplet microfluidics using a simple, quick, and robust method via PVA deposition","volume":"3","author":"Trantidou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"bfae959abib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb13010002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Properties and applications of PDMS for biomedical engineering: a review","volume":"13","author":"Miranda","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Funct. Biomater."},{"key":"bfae959abib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2021.07.045","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photolithography-free fabrication of photoresist-mold for rapid prototyping of microfluidic PDMS devices","volume":"33","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"bfae959abib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1039\/D1LC00188D","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Membrane integration into PDMS-free microfluidic platforms for organ-on-chip and analytical chemistry applications","volume":"21","author":"Schneider","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"bfae959abib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0101397","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Engineering porous membranes mimicking in vivo basement membrane for organ-on-chips applications","volume":"16","author":"Youn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomicrofluidics"},{"key":"bfae959abib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3579","DOI":"10.1039\/D4LC00251B","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Membrane-based microfluidic systems for medical and biological applications","volume":"24","author":"Calzuola","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"bfae959abib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83011-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A simple and low-cost approach for irreversible bonding of polymethylmethacrylate and polydimethylsiloxane at room temperature for high-pressure hybrid microfluidics","volume":"11","author":"Hassanpour-tamrin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae959abib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11081310","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A review on porous polymeric membrane preparation. Part II: production techniques with polyethylene,polydimethylsiloxane,polypropylene,polyimide, and polytetrafluoroethylene","volume":"11","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"bfae959abib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31912-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microfabricated tuneable and transferable porous PDMS membranes for Organs-on-Chips","volume":"8","author":"Quir\u00f3s-solano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae959abib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188302","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reconstituting organ-level lung functions on a chip","volume":"328","author":"Huh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bfae959abib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2013.137","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microfabrication of human organs-on-chips","volume":"8","author":"Huh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"bfae959abib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4998604","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Advances in microfluidic devices made from thermoplastics used in cell biology and analyses","volume":"11","author":"Gencturk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomicrofluidics"},{"key":"bfae959abib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25202-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cost-effective rapid prototyping and assembly of poly (methyl methacrylate) microfluidic devices","volume":"8","author":"Matellan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae959abib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-022-09505-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Manufacturability and surface characterisation of polymeric microfluidic devices for biomedical applications","volume":"121","author":"Arcot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"bfae959abib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1039\/C7LC01248A","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Use of porous membranes in tissue barrier and co-culture models","volume":"18","author":"Chung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"bfae959abib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2880","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c00640","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Beyond polydimethylsiloxane: alternative materials for fabrication of organ-on-a-chip devices and microphysiological systems","volume":"7","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"bfae959abib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6439\/ace05d","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Xurography as a tool for fabrication of microfluidic devices","volume":"33","author":"Shahriari","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Micromech. Microeng."},{"key":"bfae959abib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1039\/D2LC01177H","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D printed microfluidics: advances in strategies, integration, and applications","volume":"23","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"bfae959abib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79015-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A combined 3D printing\/CNC micro-milling method to fabricate a large-scale microfluidic device with the small size 3D architectures: an application for tumor spheroid production","volume":"10","author":"Behroodi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae959abib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56711-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Maskless, rapid manufacturing of glass microfluidic devices using a picosecond pulsed laser","volume":"9","author":"Wlodarczyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae959abib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1039\/D4LC00970C","type":"journal-article","article-title":"TapeTech microfluidic connectors: adhesive tape-enabled solution for organ-on-a-chip system integration","volume":"25","author":"Ching","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"bfae959abib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2831","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53266-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rapid prototyping of PMMA-based microfluidic spheroid-on-a-chip models using micromilling and vapour-assisted thermal bonding","volume":"14","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae959abib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-022-08992-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Development of epoxy resin-based microfluidic devices using CO2 laser ablation for DNA amplification point-of-care (POC) applications","volume":"120","author":"Mansour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"bfae959abib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.56545","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Post\u2010print processing to minimize cytotoxicity of 3D\u2010printed photopolymer resins for biomedical applications","volume":"142","author":"Brooks","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"bfae959abib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58373-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A compression transmission device for the evaluation of bonding strength of biocompatible microfluidic and biochip materials and systems","volume":"10","author":"Kratz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae959abib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0397-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A complex human gut microbiome cultured in an anaerobic intestine-on-a-chip","volume":"3","author":"Jalili-Firoozinezhad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"bfae959abib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2021.01.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Modeling the human body on microfluidic chips","volume":"39","author":"Jalili-Firoozinezhad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"bfae959abib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13010136","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microfluidic gut-on-a-chip: fundamentals and challenges","volume":"13","author":"Thomas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"bfae959abib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4396","DOI":"10.1039\/d5lc00147a","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Gut-on-chip methodology based on 3D-printed molds: a cost-effective and accessible approach","volume":"25","author":"Delannoy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"bfae959abib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/bios10030018","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A disposable passive microfluidic device for cell culturing","volume":"10","author":"Guzzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"bfae959abib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbsr.2020.100354","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Impedimetric melanoma invasion assay device using a simple paper membrane and stencil-printed electrode on PMMA substrate","volume":"29","author":"Pupinyo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Bio-Sens. Res."},{"key":"bfae959abib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.1039\/C8LC00431E","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Surface topography and hydrophilicity regulate macrophage phenotype in milled microfluidic systems","volume":"18","author":"Kosoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"bfae959abib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1515\/cdbme-2021-2065","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rapid prototyping of moulds for PDMS-based microfluidic chips","volume":"7","author":"Schmidt-speicher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"bfae959abib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.5459","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A protocol guide to micro milling for bio-microfluidics","volume":"15","author":"Viola","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bio-protocol"},{"key":"bfae959abib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201800001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Desktop\u2010stereolithography 3D\u2010printing of a poly (dimethylsiloxane)\u2010based material with sylgard\u2010184 properties","volume":"30","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bfae959abib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.03.29.645830","type":"other","article-title":"3D printed molds for organ-on-a-chip and fluidics: PDMS-based rapid and accessible prototyping","author":"Abbed","year":"2025"},{"key":"bfae959abib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-023-00607-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fabrication of 3D-printed molds for polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidic devices using a liquid crystal display-based vat photopolymerization process: printing quality, drug response and 3D invasion cell culture assays","volume":"9","author":"Poskus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"bfae959abib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3390\/mi12020160","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fabrication of a T-shaped microfluidic channel using a consumer laser cutter and application to monodisperse microdroplet formation","volume":"12","author":"Sasaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"bfae959abib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2021.107462","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Precision cutting of PDMS film with UV-nanosecond laser based on heat generation-diffusion regulation","volume":"145","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"key":"bfae959abib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05520-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microfluidic device engineered to study the trafficking of multiple myeloma cancer cells through the sinusoidal niche of bone marrow","volume":"12","author":"Sui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae959abib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9287","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45633-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Characterization of four functional biocompatible pressure-sensitive adhesives for rapid prototyping of cell-based lab-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip systems","volume":"9","author":"Kratz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae959abib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1039\/C4LC00848K","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultra-rapid prototyping of flexible, multi-layered microfluidic devices via razor writing","volume":"15","author":"Cosson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"bfae959abib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-012-9699-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"BBB on chip: microfluidic platform to mechanically and biochemically modulate blood-brain barrier function","volume":"15","author":"Griep","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed. Microdevices"},{"key":"bfae959abib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-2040(13)60639-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Artificial uterus on a microfluidic chip","volume":"41","author":"Wei-xuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"bfae959abib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1039\/D2LC01132H","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bioinspired human stomach-on-a-chip with in vivo like function and architecture","volume":"23","author":"Ferreira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"bfae959abib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1039\/B918089C","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Low-cost rapid prototyping of flexible microfluidic devices using a desktop digital craft cutter","volume":"10","author":"Yuen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"bfae959abib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0126541","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Gut-on-a-chip models for dissecting the gut microbiology and physiology","volume":"7","author":"Valiei","year":"2023","journal-title":"APL Bioeng."},{"key":"bfae959abib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112345","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cell barrier characterization in transwell inserts by electrical impedance spectroscopy","volume":"165","author":"Linz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"bfae959abib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.303","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Determination of drug permeability and prediction of drug absorption in Caco-2 monolayers","volume":"2","author":"Hubatsch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"bfae959abib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14030496","type":"journal-article","article-title":"TEER and ion selective transwell-integrated sensors system for Caco-2 cell model","volume":"14","author":"Sciurti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"bfae959abib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197101","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A multi-chamber microfluidic intestinal barrier model using Caco-2 cells for drug transport studies","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bfae959abib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-59459-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biomimetic culture substrates for modelling homeostatic intestinal epithelium in vitro","volume":"16","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"bfae959abib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21201-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Development of a primary human Small Intestine-on-a-Chip using biopsy-derived organoids","volume":"8","author":"Kasendra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae959abib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative CT method","volume":"3","author":"Schmittgen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"bfae959abib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2011.11.007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A protocol for in situ enzyme assays to assess the differentiation of human intestinal Caco-2 cells","volume":"26","author":"Ferruzza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"bfae959abib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2006.08.037","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery of PDMS by oxygen plasma and chemical treatment\u2014An SEM investigation","volume":"123","author":"Bodas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"bfae959abib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2009.10.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Surface modification-assisted bonding of polymer-based microfluidic devices","volume":"143","author":"Tennico","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"bfae959abib73","first-page":"3","type":"book","article-title":"Contact angle and wetting properties","author":"Yuan","year":"2013"},{"key":"bfae959abib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6366","DOI":"10.1021\/la046795v","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Oxygen plasma-treatment effects on Si transfer","volume":"21","author":"Langowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"bfae959abib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36469-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Adhesive-free adhesion between heat-assisted plasma-treated fluoropolymers (PTFE, PFA) and plasma-jet-treated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and its application","volume":"8","author":"Ohkubo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae959abib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45429-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A surface treatment method for improving the attachment of PDMS: acoustofluidics as a case study","volume":"13","author":"Al-ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae959abib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1515\/ejnm-2017-0002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biomimetic nanostructures for the silicone-biosystem interface: tuning oxygen-plasma treatments of polydimethylsiloxane","volume":"9","author":"Osmani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"bfae959abib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2136421","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Tailoring the surface topography and wetting properties of oxygen-plasma treated polydimethylsiloxane","volume":"98","author":"Tserepi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"bfae959abib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7358","DOI":"10.1021\/la404343n","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of roughness geometry on wetting and dewetting of rough PDMS surfaces","volume":"30","author":"Kanungo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"bfae959abib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2021.118017","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Investigation of the wettability of chemically heterogeneous smooth and rough surfaces using molecular dynamics simulation","volume":"348","author":"Boudaghi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"bfae959abib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3466882","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Oxygen plasma treatment for reducing hydrophobicity of a sealed polydimethylsiloxane microchannel","volume":"4","author":"Tan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomicrofluidics"},{"key":"bfae959abib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200305584","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microfluidic devices fabricated in poly (dimethylsiloxane) for biological studies","volume":"24","author":"Sia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"bfae959abib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1039\/c3lc51324f","type":"journal-article","article-title":"One-step surface modification for irreversible bonding of various plastics with a poly (dimethylsiloxane) elastomer at room temperature","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"bfae959abib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1039\/c6lc01554a","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Organ-on-a-chip devices advance to market","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"bfae959abib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202302113","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dissecting gut\u2010microbial community interactions using a gut microbiome\u2010on\u2010a\u2010chip","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"bfae959abib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-023-00130-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Modelling host\u2013microbiome interactions in organ-on-a-chip platforms","volume":"2","author":"Shin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioeng."},{"key":"bfae959abib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00397-009-0394-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Poiseuille flow and drop circulation in microchannels","volume":"49","author":"Hudson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheol. Acta"},{"key":"bfae959abib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc40074j","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Human gut-on-a-chip inhabited by microbial flora that experiences intestinal peristalsis-like motions and flow","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"bfae959abib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1179\/his.1983.6.2.65","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Alcian Blue","volume":"6","author":"Schenk","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Histotechnol."},{"key":"bfae959abib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1108","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00004.2009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Distinct SOX9 levels differentially mark stem\/progenitor populations and enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine epithelium","volume":"296","author":"Formeister","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"bfae959abib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2724-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Homeostatic mini-intestines through scaffold-guided organoid morphogenesis","volume":"585","author":"Nikolaev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bfae959abib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2041731420985202","type":"journal-article","article-title":"In vitro models of intestinal epithelium: toward bioengineered systems","volume":"12","author":"Creff","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng."},{"key":"bfae959abib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2003.11.034","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Response of MG63 osteoblast-like cells onto polycarbonate membrane surfaces with different micropore sizes","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bfae959abib94","first-page":"47","type":"book","article-title":"Bacterial nanocellulose applications for tissue engineering","author":"Sanyang","year":"2017"},{"key":"bfae959abib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-026-01686-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Human inflammatory bowel disease-on-a-chip for modelling disease progression, cancer initiation and sex-specific effects","author":"\u00d6zkan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"bfae959abib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0081-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Tales from the crypt: new insights into intestinal stem cells","volume":"16","author":"Gehart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"bfae959abib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-021-00674-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D in vitro morphogenesis of human intestinal epithelium in a gut-on-a-chip or a hybrid chip with a cell culture insert","volume":"17","author":"Shin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"bfae959abib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78359-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Development of a human primary gut-on-a-chip to model inflammatory processes","volume":"10","author":"Beaurivage","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bfae959abib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1522193112","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Contributions of microbiome and mechanical deformation to intestinal bacterial overgrowth and inflammation in a human gut-on-a-chip","volume":"113","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"bfae959abib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ib40126j","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Gut-on-a-Chip microenvironment induces human intestinal cells to undergo villus differentiation","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Integr. Biol."},{"key":"bfae959abib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3390\/mps5010017","type":"journal-article","article-title":"In vitro methods for measuring the permeability of cell monolayers","volume":"5","author":"Bednarek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods Protoc."},{"key":"bfae959abib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3880","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00210","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Head-to-head comparison of Caco-2 transwell and gut-on-a-chip models for assessing oral peptide formulations","volume":"21","author":"Gleeson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"bfae959abib103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202309220","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A Linkable, Polycarbonate Gut Microbiome\u2010Distal Tumor Chip Platform for Interrogating Cancer Promoting Mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Brasino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"bfae959abib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110613","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bacterial nanocellulose as novel carrier for intestinal epithelial cells in drug delivery studies","volume":"109","author":"Fey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"bfae959abib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b03225","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Tape-assisted photolithographic-free microfluidic chip cell patterning for tumor metastasis study","volume":"90","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"bfae959abib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5301","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.1c01200","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Adhesive-based fabrication technique for culture of lung airway epithelial cells with applications in cell patterning and microfluidics","volume":"7","author":"Dabaghi","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."}],"container-title":["Biofabrication"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae959a","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae959a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae959a","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae959a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae959a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae959a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae959a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae959a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T13:42:24Z","timestamp":1787665344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae959a"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae959a","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-5082","1758-5090"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-5082","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-5090","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"A cleanroom-free membrane-integrated organ-on-a-chip platform for rapid intestinal tissue formation","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biofabrication","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2026-01-28","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-08-05","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-08-25","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}