{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T09:21:17Z","timestamp":1788254477579,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Taiwan, R.O.C","award":["111-2923-B-011-001-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111-2923-B-011-001-MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biofabrication"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Three-dimensional cell culture using microcarriers is an effective strategy for scalable cell expansion. However, conventional enzymatic detachment can compromise cell viability, surface proteins, and native signaling. We report viscoelasticity-tunable hyaluronic acid (HA)-gelatin microspheres as microcarriers, engineered with a thermoresponsive polymer coating to enhance cell attachment and enable gentle harvesting. Gelatin-only (GLA), gelatin-HA (G-HA), and gelatin-HA-L-lysine (G-HA-L) microspheres were fabricated. HA incorporation and lysine functionalization were used to tune microsphere mechanics and interfacial stability. Frequency-sweep rheology revealed that HA-containing formulations exhibited higher elastic dominance (G\u2032 &gt; G\u2033) and a broader, more stable viscoelastic response than gelatin-only and a commercial gelatin microcarrier benchmark, with G-HA-L showing the most favorable balance of stiffness and damping (highest G\u2032\/ G\u2033 across the tested window). The microspheres were subsequently coated with poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (P(NIPAM-AAc)), producing a temperature-responsive interface. Importantly, the thermoresponsive coating enhanced early cell attachment, particularly on G-HA-L (reaching \u223c70% within 4 h and approaching \u223c90% by 24 h), outperforming both coated G-HA and commercial microcarriers. For harvesting, low-temperature conditioning markedly improved cell release and recovery compared to trypsin-only controls, consistent with temperature-triggered polymer swelling, which facilitated detachment. Collectively, these results demonstrate that coupling viscoelastic microcarrier design with thermoresponsive surface engineering provides a promising platform for efficient cell growth and gentle, process-friendly harvesting, with potential applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ae959b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T22:53:43Z","timestamp":1785970423000},"page":"035053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Viscoelasticity-tuned hyaluronic acid\u2013gelatin microcarriers with thermoresponsive polymer grafts for scalable cell expansion and gentle harvesting"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3131-9968","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rizka Musdalifah","family":"Amsar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Xiangting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0919-451X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Sheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Applied Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8236-7167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuian-Yin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3774-2167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Chiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Applied Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7034-6205","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hsieh-Chih","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology"},{"name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology"},{"name":"Chung Yuan Christian University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bfae959bbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5713","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09605-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Different methods of detaching adherent cells and their effects on the cell surface expression of Fas receptor and Fas ligand","volume":"12","author":"Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. 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