{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T08:48:14Z","timestamp":1774514894485,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012424","name":"School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012424","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med. Eng. Phys."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"DOI":"10.1088\/1873-4030\/ae52fb","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T22:47:54Z","timestamp":1773787674000},"page":"04NT01","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preliminary evaluation of a novel quantitative epidural access device (EpiduraFlow)"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"147","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9602-6365","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael A","family":"Vaninetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7554-489X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dylan","family":"Cullinane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4306-1139","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyle","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2560-4045","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Riley","family":"Danna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6072-2230","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Natalia","family":"Berrios-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eason","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Manalad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"mepae52fbbib1","first-page":"E431","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Feasibility of epidural localization using the EpiFaith\u00aesyringe: a cadaveric study","volume":"28","author":"Abd-Elsayed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pain Phys."},{"key":"mepae52fbbib2","first-page":"49","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Why epidurals do not always work","volume":"1","author":"Arendt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"mepae52fbbib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5152\/eurasianjmed.2021.20014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An operator\u2019s experience of the loss-of-resistance technique in epidural injections: an observational study","volume":"53","author":"Arici","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med."},{"key":"mepae52fbbib4","author":"Avila Hernandez","year":"2025","type":"book"},{"key":"mepae52fbbib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-025-01396-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Epidural contrast patterns and clinical implications: an educational review","volume":"29","author":"Bianco","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"mepae52fbbib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X9802600206","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Epidural analgesia: prospective audit of 1062 patients","volume":"26","author":"Burstal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anaesth. Intensive Care"},{"key":"mepae52fbbib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-021-00732-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pressure monitoring devices may undetect epidural space: a report on the use of Compuflo\u00ae system for epidural injection","volume":"36","author":"Carassiti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Monit. Comput."},{"key":"mepae52fbbib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.12.008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Management of postoperative pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American pain society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine and the American Society of Anesthesiologists\u2019 Committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive Committee and Administrative Council","volume":"17","author":"Chou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"mepae52fbbib9","article-title":"Created in biorender","author":"Cullinane","year":"2025","type":"other"},{"key":"mepae52fbbib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1982.tb01279.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Eugen Bogdan Aburel (1899\u20131975). The pioneer of regional analgesia for pain relief in childbirth","volume":"37","author":"Curelaru","year":"1982","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"mepae52fbbib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.202184","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Localization of epidural space: a review of available technologies","volume":"33","author":"Elsharkawy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anaesth. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"mepae52fbbib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199704000-00007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Changes in the position of epidural catheters associated with patient movement","volume":"86","author":"Hamilton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"mepae52fbbib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes214","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Failed epidural: causes and management","volume":"109","author":"Hermanides","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"mepae52fbbib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2016.11.010","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Increasing body mass index predicts increasing difficulty, failure rate and time to discovery of failure of epidural anesthesia in laboring patients","volume":"37","author":"Kula","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"key":"mepae52fbbib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.06.018","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Factors related to accidental dural puncture in epidural anesthesia patients","volume":"27","author":"Kuroda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"key":"mepae52fbbib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2147\/LRA.S11932","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Epidural loss-of-resistance biomechanics: an open pilot cadaver study","volume":"3","author":"McKay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Local Reg. Anesth."},{"key":"mepae52fbbib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000237291.30499.32","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An analysis of postoperative epidural analgesia failure by computed tomography epidurography","volume":"103","author":"Motamed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"mepae52fbbib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001109","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Human lumbar ligamentum flavum anatomy for epidural anesthesia: reviewing a 3D MR-based interactive model and postmortem samples","volume":"122","author":"Reina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"mepae52fbbib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000281935.78144.82","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The episure syringe: a novel loss of resistance syringe for locating the epidural space","volume":"105","author":"Riley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"mepae52fbbib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000394","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Primary failure of thoracic epidural analgesia in training centers: the invisible elephant?","volume":"41","author":"Tran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"mepae52fbbib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2008.2011475","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Instrumentation of the loss-of-resistance technique for epidural needle insertion","volume":"56","author":"Tran","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."}],"container-title":["Medical Engineering & Physics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1873-4030\/ae52fb","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1873-4030\/ae52fb\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1873-4030\/ae52fb","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1873-4030\/ae52fb\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1873-4030\/ae52fb\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1873-4030\/ae52fb\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1873-4030\/ae52fb\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1873-4030\/ae52fb\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T07:28:53Z","timestamp":1774510133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1873-4030\/ae52fb"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1873-4030\/ae52fb","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-4533","1873-4030"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-4533","type":"print"},{"value":"1873-4030","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Preliminary evaluation of a novel quantitative epidural access device (EpiduraFlow)","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Engineering & Physics","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published on behalf of Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine by IOP Publishing Ltd.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2025-11-13","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-03-17","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-03-26","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}