{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T12:22:08Z","timestamp":1783081328465,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008439","name":"Texas Christian University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008439","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Methods Appl. Fluoresc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The luminescence properties of quinine sulfate (QS) embedded in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film have been studied in detail. Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra were measured using a front-face configuration, and the corresponding intensities were tabulated. A fluorescence quantum yield of 0.51 was determined for QS-doped PVA, using QS dissolved in 1N H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    SO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Both excitation and emission anisotropy measurements indicated effective immobilization of QS molecules within the polymer matrix. The fluorescence lifetime of QS-doped PVA was measured using a picosecond-pulsed 375 nm laser diode and analyzed with both exponential and Lorentzian distribution models. The broad lifetime distribution suggests a complex interaction between QS molecules and the polymer matrix. The QS-doped PVA films are well suited for measurements involving solid materials and front-face geometries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2050-6120\/ae47bd","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T22:56:04Z","timestamp":1771455364000},"page":"023001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spectral properties of quinine sulfate in PVA films for front-face format emission measurements"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5461-7830","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Jablonska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7936-5327","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R Max","family":"Petty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0274-9640","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Danh","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajveer","family":"Sagoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8038-5082","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Trang Thien","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zygmunt","family":"Gryczynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacy","family":"Gryczynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"mafae47bdbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1845.0004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"On a case of superficial color presented by a homogeneous liquid internally colorless","volume":"135","author":"Herschel","year":"1845","journal-title":"Phil. 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