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We developed an optical fluorescence microscope that uses the double-helix point spread function (DHPSF) to localize dipole emitters in six dimensions (6D), delineated by spatial and dynamic orientational parameters. Furthermore, we developed a fused deep learning approach based on existing neural network architectures to localize dipole emitters in 6D. Our microscope enables simultaneous 6D localization of single fluorophores, achieving a median spatial precision of 10 nm and angular precision below 10\u00b0 across most of orientation space, except for the azimuthal angle at high polar angles where the DHPSF exhibits known optical degeneracies. We demonstrate our approach by localizing single rhodamine B molecules in poly(methyl methacrylate) films. The recovered orientations show\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>\n                        \n                      <\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>\u03b8<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    near 90\u00b0 and small wobble angles. We also demonstrate 6D SMOLM of a spherical supported lipid bilayer, where despite the low signal, out-of-training distribution of the experimental data, we observe clearly ordered orientation of Nile red molecules within the membrane.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2050-6120\/ae8eff","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T22:56:45Z","timestamp":1784761005000},"page":"035006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fused deep learning enables 6D single-molecule localization in polarization-resolved microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5303-8561","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emil","family":"Gillett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7510-4558","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Subhojyoti","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9394-5354","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jagriti","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6669-6835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikita","family":"Kovalenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7102-2851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3080-7457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongyu","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6041-1298","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yiyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4548-3057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanxin","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9543-8379","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junyuan","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4743-230X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Varun","family":"Nelavoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5614-3292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew D","family":"Lew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6497-1939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikael P","family":"Backlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4163-6497","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christy F","family":"Landes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"},{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"},{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"mafae8effbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-021-00038-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Single-molecule localization microscopy","volume":"1","author":"Lelek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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