{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T10:46:10Z","timestamp":1765277170174,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["2D Mater."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Electron\u2013electron interactions in honeycomb lattices have attracted attention because of the intensive research on two-dimensional (2D) graphene. We investigated the finite-temperature electronic properties of honeycomb lattices using the single-band Hubbard model and the canonical partition function. The calculations were performed on a small cluster unit cell with\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20096 atoms. The half-filled band (one electron per) and hole-doped (one and two holes) honeycomb lattices were studied as a function of the intensity ratio between the on-site Coulomb repulsion (\n U<\/jats:italic>\n ) and the nearest-neighbor electronic hopping (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n ). The magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, spin\u2013spin correlation functions, spin-resolved specific heat, magneto-caloric effect (MCE), local magnetic moments, charge, and spin gaps were analyzed. In the half-filled band, the antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulator behavior developed as\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n U<\/mml:mi>\n \n \/<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n t<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n increased; the one-hole-doping case showed AFM order, presumably resonating valence bond states, and ferromagnetic (FM) insulator behavior as the\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n U<\/mml:mi>\n \n \/<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n t<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n strength increased. The entropy under external magnetic fields was calculated to determine the MCE. The magnetic field dependence of the total spin\n S<\/jats:italic>\n was also analyzed. The honeycomb lattice with a half-filled band underwent a negative-positive MCE as the temperature increased. In contrast, the hole-doped systems exhibited a positive MCE, regardless of the\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n U<\/mml:mi>\n \n \/<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n t<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n strength. Our findings from a small cluster within the Hubbard model could help to further understand the electronic and magnetic properties of real 2D materials. However, it is important to note that the critical\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n U<\/mml:mi>\n \n \/<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n t<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n values for spin transitions and magnetic ordering could be size-dependent owing to the finite-size effects.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1583\/ae2594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T22:48:17Z","timestamp":1764370097000},"page":"015016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temperature and doping effects on the electronic and magnetic properties in two-dimensional graphene honeycomb lattices"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4001-0038","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Florentino","family":"L\u00f3pez-Ur\u00edas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0855-3529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"tdmae2594bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.81.109","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The electronic properties of graphene","volume":"81","author":"Castro Neto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. 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Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2025-08-23","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-11-28","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-12-09","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}