{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T21:50:24Z","timestamp":1789077024481,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585180800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["276567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["276567"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Tampere University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Studies on the effects of the pulse waveform used in electrical muscle stimulation on the activations and perceived discomfort of the waveform have been mainly executed on limb muscles with variable results, however, knowledge of these effects on facial muscles is currently lacking. We studied two waveforms, square wave and sinusoidal wavelet, for the activation of the\n                    <jats:italic>frontalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    muscle in 9 individuals with unresolved facial nerve palsy. Both waveforms produced a movement that was greater in amplitude compared with the maximal voluntary movement of the affected side in 8 participants and at least as great as the healthy side\u2019s maximal voluntary movement in 4 participants. Both waveforms were equally successful in producing movements, and there was no significant difference in perceived discomfort ratings between the two waveforms. These findings will be useful for the future development of neuroprosthetic applications for reanimating facial muscles using electrical stimulation. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03496025, registration date March 19, 2018.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/ab7eea","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T18:15:28Z","timestamp":1583950528000},"page":"035013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of pulse waveforms on movement amplitudes and perceived discomfort in electric muscle stimulation in unresolved facial nerve palsy"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8924-0331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eeva A","family":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirja K","family":"Ilves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna M","family":"Venesvirta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jani K","family":"Lylykangas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville T","family":"Rantanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti T","family":"Vehkaoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarmo A","family":"Verho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Lekkala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veikko V","family":"Surakka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus E P","family":"Rautiainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bpexab7eeabib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200411000-00026","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Expression of emotion and quality of life after facial nerve paralysis","volume":"25","author":"Coulson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Otol. 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All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2019-11-25","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2020-03-11","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2020-03-26","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}