{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:49:28Z","timestamp":1790952568148,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006529","name":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Strahlenschutz","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["3619S42462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3619S42462"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006529","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In recent years, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been used in many imaging tasks traditionally performed by computed tomography (CT). This has created challenges for dosimetry, as the dose quantities in CBCT and CT, i.e. the dose-area product (DAP) and dose-length product (DLP), are not mutually convertible. Convertibility would be desirable to compare doses in similar clinical studies performed using CT or CBCT and ultimately for the application of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). In this work, the conversion of the DAP into the DLP and vice versa via the effective dose <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic> is investigated with the aim of finding common diagnostic reference levels. The dose calculation was performed using Monte Carlo simulations for scan regions with imaging tasks, which can be carried out either with CT or CBCT scanners. Four regions in the head and four in the trunk were chosen. The calculations resulted in conversion coefficients <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <jats:tex-math>\n\n<\/jats:tex-math>\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mi>k<\/mml:mi>\n                        <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                        <mml:mstyle displaystyle=\"false\">\n                           <mml:mfrac>\n                              <mml:mrow>\n                                 <mml:mi>DAP<\/mml:mi>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mrow>\n                                 <mml:mi>DLP<\/mml:mi>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                           <\/mml:mfrac>\n                        <\/mml:mstyle>\n                     <\/mml:math>\n                     <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"bpexad065eieqn1.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"\/>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> of 30(4) cm for the cranium, 22(4) cm for the facial bones, 24(2) cm for the paranasal sinuses, 18(2) cm for the cervical spine, 78(12) cm for the thorax, 85(13) cm for the upper abdomen, 57(6) cm for the lumbar spine and 70(12) cm for the pelvis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/ad065e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T22:27:31Z","timestamp":1698186451000},"page":"065030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Simulation study on the conversion between CT and CBCT dose quantities via the effective dose"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2099-3452","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Steffen","family":"Ketelhut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3695-4423","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marie-Luise","family":"Kuhlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4950-4301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludwig","family":"B\u00fcermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7284-5852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Pirl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Borowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bpexad065ebib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20140658","article-title":"Effective dose of cone beam CT (CBCT) of the facial skeleton: a systematic review","volume":"88","author":"Al-Okshi","year":"2015","journal-title":"The British Journal of Radiology"},{"key":"bpexad065ebib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20120362","article-title":"Dose indices in dental cone beam CT and correlation with dose-area product","volume":"42","author":"Araki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofacial Radiology"},{"key":"bpexad065ebib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18434\/T48G6X","article-title":"XCOM: Photon Cross Section Database, version 1.5","author":"Berger","year":"2010"},{"key":"bpexad065ebib4","article-title":"Konzept zur Umrechnung dosisrelevanter Parameter in der digitalen Volumentomographie\u2014Vorhaben 3619S42462","author":"Borowski","year":"2022"},{"key":"bpexad065ebib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2020.04.026","article-title":"A validation of spekpy: a software toolkit for modelling x-ray tube spectra","volume":"75","author":"Bujila","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physica Med."},{"key":"bpexad065ebib6","author":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Strahlenschutz (BfS)","year":"2016"},{"key":"bpexad065ebib7","author":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Strahlenschutz (BfS)","year":"2018"},{"key":"bpexad065ebib8","author":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Strahlenschutz (BfS)","year":"2023"},{"key":"bpexad065ebib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4711748","article-title":"Fast on-site Monte Carlo tool for dose calculations in CT applications","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. 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Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2023-05-30","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2023-10-24","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2023-11-08","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}