{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T10:28:37Z","timestamp":1753439317465,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/page\/copyright"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disorder in which the body\u2019s immune system attacks structures of the central nervous system, resulting in lesions that can occur throughout the brain and spinal cord. Cortical lesions, in particular, can contribute to motor dysfunction. Walking disability is reported as the main impairment by people with MS (pwMS), often due to limited ankle movement. This study explored the event-related desynchronization (ERD) onset latency of the sensorimotor rhythms during foot dorsiflexion in pwMS computed using an objective and independent of human criterion method, as an electroencephalogram (EEG) based biomarker. EEG signals were recorded in eight persons with neither neurological condition nor motor dysfunction and eight pwMS with relapsing-remitting, primary progressive or secondary progressive MS. Recordings were divided into three groups: control, more affected lower limb and less affected lower limb. The ERD-onset latency was determined using a method based on the percent of ERD time course and the cluster depth tests. The median and interquartile range of the ERD-onset latency were 1186.0 (1100.0, 1250.0) ms; 1064.0 (1031.0, 1127.0) ms for the more and less affected groups respectively, whereas the median and interquartile range for the control group was 656.0 (472.2, 950.0) ms. There was a significant delay in the ERD-onset latencies of the pwMS groups compared to the control group (p&lt;0.001 for both comparisons). These findings suggest that the ERD-onset latency computed using the proposed method could be used as an EEG biomarker to evaluate disease progression or therapeutic interventions in pwMS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/adaaf8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T22:48:15Z","timestamp":1737067695000},"page":"025014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Determining event-related desynchronization onset latency of foot dorsiflexion in people with multiple sclerosis using the cluster depth tests"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8222-2763","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"L Carolina","family":"Carrere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juli\u00e1n","family":"Furios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A","family":"Biurrun Manresa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos H","family":"Ballario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina B","family":"Tabernig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841","article-title":"Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: insights from the Atlas of MS, third edition","volume":"26","author":"Walton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215519842254","article-title":"The clinical- and cost-effectiveness of functional electrical stimulation and ankle-foot orthoses for foot drop in Multiple Sclerosis: a multicentre randomized trial","volume":"33","author":"(Miller) Renfrew","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"year":"2018","author":"Cameron","key":"bpexadaaf8bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63916-5.00015-X"},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22676-0","article-title":"Profiling walking dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: characterisation, classification and progression over time","volume":"8","author":"Filli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.02.026","article-title":"Movement preparation is affected by tissue damage in multiple sclerosis: evidence from EEG event-related desynchronization","volume":"116","author":"Leocani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105601","article-title":"Event-related desynchronization and synchronization in multiple sclerosis","volume":"86","author":"Bardel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00141-8","article-title":"Event-related EEG\/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: basic principles","volume":"110","author":"Pfurtscheller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ac39b8","article-title":"Effects of brain-computer interface with functional electrical stimulation for gait rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis patients: preliminary findings in gait speed and event-related desynchronization onset latency","volume":"18","author":"Carrere","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2001.113989","article-title":"Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: preferred definitions and conceptual framework","volume":"69","author":"Group","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a029058","article-title":"Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Paul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4642","article-title":"Statistics versus machine learning","volume":"15","author":"Bzdok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.03.024","article-title":"Nonparametric statistical testing of EEG- and MEG-data","volume":"164","author":"Maris","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118824","article-title":"The cluster depth tests: toward point-wise strong control of the family-wise error rate in massively univariate tests with application to M\/EEG","volume":"247","author":"Frossard","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189876","article-title":"How to determine leg dominance: the agreement between self-reported and observed performance in healthy adults","volume":"12","author":"Van Melick","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"year":"2010","author":"Schalk","key":"bpexadaaf8bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84996-092-2"},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0189-3_12","article-title":"Movement and ERD\/ERS","author":"Pfurtscheller","year":"2003"},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","article-title":"EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis","volume":"134","author":"Delorme","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90989.2008","article-title":"Using a common average reference to improve cortical neuron recordings from microelectrode arrays","volume":"101","author":"Ludwig","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol."},{"year":"2022","author":"Frossard","key":"bpexadaaf8bib19","unstructured":"Frossard J 2022 permuco4brain https:\/\/github.com\/jaromilfrossard\/permuco4brain"},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219594","article-title":"Altered individual behavioral and EEG parameters are related to the EDSS score in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"14","author":"V\u00e1zquez-Marrufo","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1\u201310","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-14-58","article-title":"Systematic literature review and validity evaluation of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Meyer-Moock","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC neurology"},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib22","first-page":"19","article-title":"Lower limb motor intention: ERD time-course analysis in stroke and healthy subjects","volume":"24","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Argent. Bioingenieria"},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9772147","article-title":"The neurophysiological impact of subacute stroke: changes in cortical oscillations evoked by bimanual finger movement","volume":"2022","author":"Dion\u00edsio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke Res. Treat."},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.10.072","article-title":"Event-related desynchronization of sensorimotor EEG rhythms in hemiparetic patients with acute stroke","volume":"488","author":"Steogonpie\u0144","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"bpexadaaf8bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/collabra.33267","article-title":"Sample size justification","volume":"8","author":"Lakens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Collabra Psychol."}],"container-title":["Biomedical Physics &amp; Engineering Express"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/adaaf8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/adaaf8\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/adaaf8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/adaaf8\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/adaaf8\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/adaaf8\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/adaaf8\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/adaaf8\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T15:53:35Z","timestamp":1737734015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/adaaf8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/adaaf8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-1976"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2057-1976"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Determining event-related desynchronization onset latency of foot dorsiflexion in people with multiple sclerosis using the cluster depth tests","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2024-10-28","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-01-16","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-01-24","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}