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Phys. Eng. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic> Low-beta (L<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, 13\u201320 Hz) power plays a key role in upper-limb motor control and afferent processing, making it a strong candidate for a neurophysiological biomarker. We investigate the test-retest reliability of L<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> power and kinematic features from a robotic task over extended intervals between sessions to assess its potential for tracking longitudinal changes in sensorimotor function. <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic> We designed and optimized a testing protocol to evaluate L<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> power and kinematic features (maximal and mean speed, reaction time, and movement duration) in ten right-handed healthy individuals that performed a planar center-out task using a robotic device and EEG for data collection. The task was performed with both hands, and the experiment was repeated approximately 40 days later under similar conditions, to resemble real-life intervention periods. We first characterized the selected features within the task context for each session, then assessed intersession agreement, the test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, ICC), and established threshold values for meaningful changes in L<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> power using Bland-Altman plots and repeatability coefficients. <jats:italic>Main Results.<\/jats:italic> L<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> power showed the expected contralateral reduction during movement preparation and onset. Both L<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> power and kinematic features exhibited good to excellent test-retest reliability (ICC &gt; 0.8), displaying no significant intersession differences. Kinematic results align with prior literature, reinforcing the robustness of these measures in tracking motor performance over time. Changes in L<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> power between sessions exceeding 11.4% for right-arm and 16.5% for left-arm movements reflect meaningful intersession differences. <jats:italic>Significance.<\/jats:italic> This study provides evidence that L<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> power remains stable over extended intersession intervals comparable to rehabilitation timelines. The strong reliability of both L<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> power and kinematic features supports their use in monitoring upper-extremity sensorimotor function longitudinally, with L<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> power emerging as a promising biomarker for tracking therapeutic outcomes, postulating it as a reliable feature for long-term applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/ade317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T22:47:53Z","timestamp":1749595673000},"page":"045016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Test-retest reliability of kinematic and EEG low-beta spectral features in a robot-based arm movement task"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1613-1967","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Rueda-Parra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5065-0157","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Russell","family":"Hardesty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4583-3378","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Darren E","family":"Gemoets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4253-6976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N Jeremy","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2139-8559","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Disha","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bpexade317bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-12-96","article-title":"The barriers and facilitators to routine outcome measurement by allied health professionals in practice: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Duncan","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. 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