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Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. The therapeutic potential of phase-synchronized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) integration is hindered by uncharacterized electromagnetic interference. <jats:italic>Approach<\/jats:italic>. Through computational modeling and experimental validation using 3D-printed head phantoms, we identify three interference determinants and establish a multimodal suppression framework. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The maximum interference occurs when the coil is located directly above the F3 electrode of F3-FP2 tACS loop in natural sag state. Lead geometry optimization through twisted configurations reduced interference voltages by 20.06%, peaking at 91.92% suppression when orthogonal coil alignment (90\u00b0) minimized loop areas. Spatial analysis demonstrated a clear distance-dependent attenuation pattern, with interference levels decreasing to 94.05% when relocating the coil to posterior regions. Integrated low-pass filtering further eliminated high-frequency interference in F3-targeted TMS applications. <jats:italic>Significance<\/jats:italic>. These findings resolve the fundamental electromagnetic coupling challenge in combined tACS-rTMS systems, establishing the first clinically actionable protocol for concurrent operation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/adf4ed","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T22:47:41Z","timestamp":1753742861000},"page":"055006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electromagnetic interference suppression in combined tACS-rTMS therapy"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9581-2928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nianshuang","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8322-4474","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiawei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Penghao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changzhe","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6445-2271","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guanghao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bpexadf4edbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92413-4","article-title":"Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex","volume":"1","author":"Barker","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bpexadf4edbib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.03.007","article-title":"Exposure to gamma tACS in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, crossover, pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Benussi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"bpexadf4edbib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2017-0018","article-title":"Noninvasive brain stimulation in psychiatric disorders: a primer","volume":"41","author":"Brunoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz J Psychiatry"},{"key":"bpexadf4edbib4","first-page":"744","article-title":"A new angle on transcranial magnetic stimulation coil orientation: a targeted narrative review","volume":"9","author":"Cerins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. 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