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To explore intraocular electrical convergence under TIS, this study constructed multi-layered finite element models of normal aged and lens diseased human eyeball (NAE and LDE) with detailed anterior segment structures. The results firstly demonstrated a stable ground setting with compromising computational efficiency in NAE model. Subsequently, we found that lens lesions elevate the Lens Potential Convergence (LPC) up to 36.05% \u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.06% (SD) of retinal potential levels in LDE model (compared with 28.10%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.09% (SD) in NAE model as a reference). Using Axial Current Steering (ACS) by adjusting the current ratio between electrodes within paired channels, LPC was successfully reduced to 3.62%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.01% (SD), accompanied by a 28% reduction in 90% retinal potential peak width surprisingly. This work elucidates the interference mechanisms of TIS targeting in enriched eye model and validates the effectiveness of the proposed ACS strategy, providing theoretical support for the future clinical application of TIS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae1e81","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T22:47:37Z","timestamp":1762987657000},"page":"065053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Axial current steering modulates lens pathology-dependent intraocular electric convergence under temporally interfering electrical stimulation: a computational analysis"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6766-6945","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7120-8063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhou","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6561-1813","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhengyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1303-8898","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2702-665X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinyu","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuixia","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-5493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bpexae1e81bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.02.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neuroprotective strategies for retinal disease","volume":"65","author":"Pardue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research"},{"key":"bpexae1e81bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810153391603","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"339","author":"Limousin","year":"1998","journal-title":"New Engl. 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