{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T07:08:52Z","timestamp":1779347332221,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Maintaining fluid balance between intracellular and extracellular compartments is essential for physiological stability, yet disturbances in this equilibrium are common in conditions such as dehydration, sepsis, and perioperative stress. Traditional techniques for quantifying body water distribution, including isotope dilution, are accurate but invasive and unsuitable for repeated or bedside monitoring. Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) offers a non-invasive, rapid, and frequency-dependent approach to estimating total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), and intracellular water (ICW), making it a promising candidate for real-time fluid assessment. This pilot study evaluated the sensitivity of BIS in detecting controlled fluid shifts under three conditions: intravenous infusion of graded volumes of lactated Ringer\u2019s solution, incremental gravity-drip infusion, and oral ingestion of water in divided portions. BIS measurements demonstrated reproducible, volume-dependent changes in TBW, ECW, and ICW, with distinct temporal patterns characterized by early rises, redistribution phases, and stabilization plateaus. Moderate fluid loads of 500\u20131000 ml yielded stable and sustained hydration profiles, whereas smaller volumes induced minimal shifts and larger volumes produced greater variability, reflecting regulatory corrections. These findings support the feasibility of BIS as a practical bedside tool for monitoring hydration dynamics. Larger clinical studies are guaranteed to confirm its role in fluid management for surgical and critically ill populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae6d01","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T22:48:01Z","timestamp":1778712481000},"page":"035030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pilot study of fluid shift assessment using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2163-1157","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"JungHun","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Southern University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bpexae6d01bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2011.614269","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fluid and electrolyte needs for training, competition, and recovery","volume":"29","author":"Shirreffs","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib2","first-page":"173","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fluid management in critically ill patients","volume":"392","author":"Ronco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e3281214492","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Therapeutic thoracentesis: the role of ultrasound and pleural manometry","volume":"13","author":"Feller-Kopman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0970-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A positive fluid balance is an independent prognostic factor in patients with sepsis","volume":"19","author":"Acheampong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.284869","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fluid shifts, vasodilation, and ambulatory blood pressure reduction during long-duration spaceflight","volume":"119","author":"Norsk","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-018-0402-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Principles of fluid management and stewardship in septic shock: it is time to consider the four D\u2019s and the four phases of fluid therapy","volume":"8","author":"Malbrain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Intens. Care"},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib7","first-page":"25","type":"book","article-title":"Hydrometry","author":"Schoeller","year":"1996"},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.06.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bioelectrical impedance analysis\u2014part I: review of principles and methods","volume":"23","author":"Kyle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607115595227","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Body composition tools for assessment of adult malnutrition at the bedside","volume":"39","author":"Earthman","year":"2015","journal-title":"JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral. Nutr."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.4.1327","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Validation of tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance method to assess human body composition","volume":"60","author":"Lukaski","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.305","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A new method for monitoring body fluid variation by bioimpedance analysis: the RXc graph","volume":"46","author":"Piccoli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib12","first-page":"200","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bioelectrical impedance analysis in thoracic fluid measurement after thoracentesis","volume":"89","author":"Faisy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/810797","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Thoracic fluid changes detected by bioimpedance after therapeutic thoracentesis","volume":"2015","author":"Chung","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03521-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bioimpedance-guided fluid management in critically ill patients: association with outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Bassi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib15","first-page":"1953","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Perioperative bioelectrical impedance analysis-guided fluid management and postoperative outcomes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"126","author":"Oh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib16","first-page":"807","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of body position on bioelectrical impedance","volume":"87","author":"Gudivaka","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.5.1542","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Predicting body cell mass with bioimpedance by using theoretical methods","volume":"82","author":"De Lorenzo","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1491931","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reliability, biological variability, and accuracy of multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis for measuring body composition components","volume":"11","author":"Looney","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10895","DOI":"10.3390\/s140610895","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The theory and fundamentals of bioimpedance analysis in clinical status monitoring and diagnosis of diseases","volume":"14","author":"Khalil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328356b944","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis: an update","volume":"15","author":"Ward","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib21","first-page":"258","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrical impedance tomography and BIS for lung fluid monitoring: a review","volume":"22","author":"Ponce","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care Resusc."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib22","first-page":"45","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Advances in thoracic bioimpedance: applications, challenges, and future directions","volume":"18","author":"Mohammadzadeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib23","first-page":"292","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recent advances in spectroscopy-based biosensing technologies for biomedical applications","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib24","first-page":"1016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photonic and optical spectroscopy techniques for advanced sensing applications","volume":"55","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Opt. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib25","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recent developments in optical spectroscopy and sensing technologies for biomedical applications","volume":"270","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-2196-6_75-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Advances in plasmonic and fiber-optic spectroscopy sensors for chemical and biological detection","volume":"9","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Bio Tribo-Corros."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15050292","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of advancement in optical biosensing techniques for early detection of cancerous cells","volume":"15","author":"Ramola","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-023-05016-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optical waveguide-based spectroscopy sensors: design and performance enhancement","volume":"55","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Opt. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2022.169892","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Advanced optical sensing techniques for environmental monitoring applications","volume":"270","author":"Benali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3540","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-023-01940-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microwave and electromagnetic spectroscopy techniques for material characterization and sensing","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes251","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of intraoperative fluid therapy in abdominal surgery: a randomized, double-blind study","volume":"109","author":"Brandstrup","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010307","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"345","author":"Rivers","year":"2001","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1401602","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock","volume":"370","author":"Yealy","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02944.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Estimation of acute fluid shifts using bioelectrical impedance analysis in horses","volume":"21","author":"Fielding","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"bpexae6d01bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2010.07.012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bioelectrical impedance analysis for determination of body water content and distribution in the horse","volume":"90","author":"Latman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."}],"container-title":["Biomedical Physics &amp; Engineering Express"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae6d01","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae6d01\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae6d01","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae6d01\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae6d01\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae6d01\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae6d01\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae6d01\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T06:22:37Z","timestamp":1779344557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae6d01"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae6d01","relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-1976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-1976","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Pilot study of fluid shift assessment using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2026-01-15","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-05-13","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-05-21","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}