{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:17:33Z","timestamp":1787818653553,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Health Department","award":["Z-A20250610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z-A20250610"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023JJA140481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJA140481"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012543","name":"Youth Science Foundation of Guangxi Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GXMUYSF202448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GXMUYSF202448"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Beam angle selection plays an important role in shaping dose distribution in fixed-field radiotherapy, yet additional beam placement in multi-beam settings is often empirically determined. This study proposes AutoBeams, a transparent dose-driven rule-based framework for generating six-beam configurations in left-sided breast fixed-field IMRT, and evaluates whether these configurations can produce clinically acceptable plans under a standardized commercial treatment planning system (TPS) optimization protocol. A retrospective cohort of 41 patients with left-sided breast cancer treated with six-beam coplanar fixed-field IMRT was included. For each patient, a clinical-angle reference (CR) was defined from the original clinical beam angles, and an AutoBeams configuration (AP) was generated using the same patient geometry and isocenter. CR and AP plans were generated and evaluated in Pinnacle under identical planning conditions, with beam-angle configuration being the only intended difference. AutoBeams sequentially selected beam angles from a predefined coplanar candidate set using dose-based scoring rules with angular separation constraints. AutoBeams generated beam configurations that differed from the clinical beam arrangements through limited angular adjustments. Under commercial TPS optimization, target dose metrics remained broadly comparable between AP and CR. AP showed lower heart dose metrics and spinal cord maximum dose, while contralateral lung low-dose exposure and contralateral breast mean dose increased, indicating OAR-specific trade-offs. In addition, AP plans demonstrated significantly lower total monitor units compared with CR (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Criterion-level evaluation showed that AutoBeams-generated configurations could generally be optimized into clinically acceptable plans. These findings support AutoBeams as a transparent and reproducible approach to beam-angle generation in left-sided breast fixed-field IMRT.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae9c4a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T22:48:33Z","timestamp":1787266113000},"page":"045070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dose-driven rule-based beam configuration for left-sided breast fixed-field IMRT: a commercial TPS-based evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Liuke","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingguo","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengxian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7777-8596","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yusi","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bpexae9c4abib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"bpexae9c4abib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.21037\/abs-20-132","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Future directions of radiation therapy in the management of breast cancer","volume":"5","author":"Hentz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Breast Surg."},{"key":"bpexae9c4abib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1120-1797(06)80005-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effective beam directions using radiobiologically optimized IMRT of node positive breast cancer","volume":"22","author":"Ferreira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. 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Phys."},{"key":"bpexae9c4abib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3898","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14374","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Using deep learning to predict beam\u2010tunable Pareto optimal dose distribution for intensity\u2010modulated radiation therapy","volume":"47","author":"Bohara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"bpexae9c4abib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s12194-020-00558-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Similar-cases-based planning approaches with beam angle optimizations using water equivalent path length for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy","volume":"13","author":"Haseai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol. Phys. 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Optim."},{"key":"bpexae9c4abib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-020-1468-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Automated hypofractionated IMRT treatment planning for early-stage breast cancer","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"bpexae9c4abib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2023.10.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Implementation and evaluation of an iterative-based algorithm for automatic beam angle optimization in breast cancer treatment planning","volume":"49","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Dosim."},{"key":"bpexae9c4abib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-2314-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The choice of multi-beam IMRT for whole breast radiotherapy in early-stage right breast cancer","volume":"5","author":"Haciislamoglu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"bpexae9c4abib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-019-1363-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Left breast irradiation with tangential intensity modulated radiotherapy (t-IMRT) versus tangential volumetric modulated arc therapy (t-VMAT): trade-offs between secondary cancer induction risk and optimal target coverage","volume":"14","author":"Karpf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"bpexae9c4abib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-8-89","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A comparative dosimetric study for treating left-sided breast cancer for small breast size using five different radiotherapy techniques: conventional tangential field, filed-in-filed, tangential-IMRT, multi-beam IMRT and VMAT","volume":"8","author":"Jin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"bpexae9c4abib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101535","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Intensity modulated therapy for patients with breast cancer. Practical guidelines and tips for an effective treatment planning strategy","volume":"9","author":"Fogliata","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Radiat. 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Oncol."},{"key":"bpexae9c4abib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70293","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An automated patient-specific segment reduction-based beam angle optimization technique for deep learning auto-planning for early breast cancer","volume":"26","author":"Zeverino","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys."}],"container-title":["Biomedical Physics &amp; Engineering Express"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae9c4a","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae9c4a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae9c4a","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae9c4a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae9c4a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae9c4a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae9c4a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae9c4a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T07:24:17Z","timestamp":1787815457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae9c4a"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae9c4a","relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-1976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-1976","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Dose-driven rule-based beam configuration for left-sided breast fixed-field IMRT: a commercial TPS-based evaluation","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2026-04-15","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-08-20","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-08-27","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}