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Phys. Eng. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study was designed to assess the feasibility of dual-energy cone-beam computed tomography (DE-CBCT) and the associated image processing algorithms to improve delayed phase iodine enhancement. An anthropomorphic adult head phantom with iodine inserts in maxillofacial regions was imaged using a clinical CBCT and a helical CT scanner. DE-CBCT was acquired sequentially at 80 and 120 kV, and helical CT at 100 kV (routine clinical protocol), with radiation doses matched within 5%. Virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) at 50 and 200 keV were generated with (VMI+) and without (VMI) noise-optimized frequency splitting algorithm. Evaluation included Hounsfield Unit (HU) agreement with helical CT, iodine contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), artifact reduction, and subjective radiologist assessment of target visibility. VMI50 and VMI50+ demonstrated the strongest HU agreement with CT. VMI50+ produced significantly better contrast than CBCT in the maxillary sinus region (mean percentage change 40.7% (15.3%\u201366.1%);\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05), while improvements were minor in the mandibular region (9.7% (3.0%\u201316.5%);\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). VMI50+ significantly increased CNR in the maxillary sinus compared with CBCT (3.3 vs 2.8;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05), with no significant difference in the mandibular region. Although DE-CBCT increased contrast and reduced artifacts, it did not reveal any additional targets compared with routine CBCT. DE-CBCT with VMI and frequency splitting improves HU agreement with CT, slightly improves soft tissue visualization, and reduces artifacts in head and neck phantom imaging.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/ae9cc2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T22:47:51Z","timestamp":1787352471000},"page":"055006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual-energy cone-beam CT improves iodine contrast and Hounsfield unit value stability in the maxillofacial region: a phantom study"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5546-0815","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dinidu","family":"Jayakody","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5173-6169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veli-Pekka","family":"Riekki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oulu University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1083-6990","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michaela K","family":"Bode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu"},{"name":"Oulu University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4646-6714","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mikael A K","family":"Brix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu"},{"name":"Oulu University Hospital"},{"name":"Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bpexae9cc2bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-016-0686-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Radiologic features of sinonasal tumors","volume":"10","author":"Koeller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"bpexae9cc2bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.2478\/rojost-2018-0039","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of soft tissue tumours","volume":"1","author":"Codorean","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rom. 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