{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T06:58:25Z","timestamp":1778655505266,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"TACO project","award":["SFB F81"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB F81"]}]},{"name":"Austrian Science Fund","award":["P 32148-N36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P 32148-N36"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GACR 20-21727X"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GACR 20-21727X"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Analyzing atomically resolved images is a time-consuming process requiring solid experience and substantial human intervention. In addition, the acquired images contain a large amount of information such as crystal structure, presence and distribution of defects, and formation of domains, which need to be resolved to understand a material\u2019s surface structure. Therefore, machine learning techniques have been applied in scanning probe and electron microscopies during the last years, aiming for automatized and efficient image analysis. This work introduces a free and open source tool (AiSurf: Automated Identification of Surface Images) developed to inspect atomically resolved images via scale-invariant feature transform and clustering algorithms. AiSurf extracts primitive lattice vectors, unit cells, and structural distortions from the original image, with no pre-assumption on the lattice and minimal user intervention. The method is applied to various atomically resolved non-contact atomic force microscopy images of selected surfaces with different levels of complexity: anatase TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(101), oxygen deficient rutile TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(110) with and without CO adsorbates, SrTiO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>(001) with Sr vacancies and graphene with C vacancies. The code delivers excellent results and is tested against atom misclassification and artifacts, thereby facilitating the interpretation of scanning probe microscopy images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2632-2153\/acb5e0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T22:44:40Z","timestamp":1674600280000},"page":"015015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Automated real-space lattice extraction for atomic force microscopy images"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6752-5539","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marco","family":"Corrias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Papa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Sokolovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viktor","family":"Birschitzky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Gorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Setvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Diebold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8223-9928","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michele","family":"Reticcioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7990-2984","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cesare","family":"Franchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"mlstacb5e0bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.75.949","volume":"75","author":"Giessibl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev. 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