{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:49:42Z","timestamp":1771030182130,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"G2NET"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The broadband frequency output of gravitational-wave (GW) detectors is a non-stationary and non-Gaussian time series data stream dominated by noise populated by local disturbances and transient artifacts, which evolve on the same timescale as the GW signals and may corrupt the astrophysical information. We study a denoising algorithm dedicated to expose the astrophysical signals by employing a convolutional neural network in the encoder-decoder configuration, i.e. apply the denoising procedure of coalescing binary black hole signals to the publicly available LIGO O1 time series strain data. The denoising convolutional autoencoder neural network is trained on a dataset of simulated astrophysical signals injected into the real detector\u2019s noise and a dataset of detector noise artifacts (\u2018glitches\u2019), and its fidelity is tested on real GW events from O1 and O2 LIGO-Virgo observing runs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2632-2153\/acd90f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T22:41:36Z","timestamp":1685054496000},"page":"035024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Denoising gravitational-wave signals from binary black holes with a dilated convolutional autoencoder"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1350-2037","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Philippe","family":"Bacon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Trovato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4991-8213","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Bejger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"mlstacd90fbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.116.061102","volume":"116","author":"Abbott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0264-9381\/32\/7\/074001","volume":"32","author":"Aasi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Class. Quantum Grav."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0264-9381\/32\/2\/024001","volume":"32","author":"Acernese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Class. Quantum Grav."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.119.161101","volume":"119","author":"Abbott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L3","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ab75f5","volume":"892","author":"Abbott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L44","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ab960f","volume":"896","author":"Abbott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L5","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ac082e","volume":"915","author":"Abbott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Astrophys. J. Lett."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.9.031040","volume":"9","author":"Abbott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. X"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.11.021053","volume":"11","author":"Abbott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. X"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib10","author":"Abbott","year":"2021"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib11","author":"Abbott","year":"2021"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib12","article-title":"GraceDB \u2013 gravitational-wave candidate event database","year":"2020"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s41114-018-0012-9","volume":"21","author":"Abbott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Living Rev. Relativ."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6382\/ab685e","volume":"37","author":"Abbott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Class. Quantum Grav."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2021.100658","volume":"13","author":"Abbott","year":"2021","journal-title":"SoftwareX"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib16","author":"Wiener","year":"1949"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3819","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.44.3819","volume":"44","author":"Sathyaprakash","year":"1991","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.60.022002","volume":"60","author":"Owen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-019-0097-4","volume":"1","author":"Huerta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Phys."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.120.141103","volume":"120","author":"Gabbard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physletb.2017.12.053","volume":"778","author":"George","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. B"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2632-2153\/abb93a","volume":"2","author":"Cuoco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.90.084029","volume":"90","author":"Torres","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.98.084013","volume":"98","author":"Torres-Forn\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib25","first-page":"p 289","article-title":"Split Bregman method for gravitational wave denoising","volume":"vol 40","author":"Torres","year":"2015"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.94.124040","volume":"94","author":"Torres-Forn\u00e9","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physletb.2019.135081","volume":"800","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. B"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib28","author":"van den Oord","year":"2016"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib29","first-page":"p S14.008","article-title":"Denoising gravitational waves using deep learning with recurrent denoising autoencoders","author":"Shen","year":"2018"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib30","author":"Shen","year":"2019"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1127647","volume":"313","author":"Hinton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib32","author":"Shen","year":"2017"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib33","author":"Jain","year":"1999","edition":"1st edn"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib34","author":"Pascanu","year":"2013"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735","volume":"9","author":"Hochreiter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.104.064046","volume":"104","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2017.10.013","volume":"77","author":"Gu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib38","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2016"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2632-2153\/abea69","volume":"2","author":"Mogushi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6920","DOI":"10.3390\/s20236920","volume":"20","author":"Lopac","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib41","article-title":"Multi-scale context aggregation by dilated convolutions","author":"Yu","year":"2016"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s13748-019-00203-0","volume":"9","author":"Dhillon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2018.05.018","volume":"118","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib44","author":"Ismail Fawaz","year":"2018"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib45","author":"Kingma","year":"2013"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1561\/2200000056","volume":"12","author":"Kingma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Found. Trends Mach. Learn."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib47","article-title":"Learning structured output representation using deep conditional generative models","volume":"vol 28","author":"Sohn","year":"2015"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib48","first-page":"pp 1094","author":"Jolliffe","year":"2011"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib49","first-page":"pp 535","article-title":"Algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization","author":"Lee","year":"2000"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib50","article-title":"Batch normalization: accelerating deep network training by reducing internal covariate shift","author":"Ioffe","year":"2015"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib51","first-page":"pp 92","article-title":"Evaluation of pooling operations in convolutional architectures for object recognition","author":"Scherer","year":"2010"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.201600209","volume":"529","author":"Abbott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Phys., Lpz."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.95.044028","volume":"95","author":"Boh\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0264-9381\/33\/13\/134001","volume":"33","author":"Abbott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Class. Quantum Grav."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6382\/aa5cea","volume":"34","author":"Zevin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Class. Quantum Grav."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.95.062002","volume":"95","author":"Biwer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.12942\/lrr-2012-4","volume":"15","author":"Jaranowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Living Rev. Relativ."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.47.2198","volume":"47","author":"Finn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0264-9381\/27\/17\/173001","volume":"27","author":"Abadie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Class. Quantum Grav."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6382\/ab685e","volume":"37","author":"Abbott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Class. Quantum Grav."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib61","author":"Kingma","year":"2014"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0264-9381\/32\/24\/245005","volume":"32","author":"Nuttall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Class. Quantum Grav."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib63","article-title":"Variational inference with normalizing flows","author":"Rezende","year":"2016"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib64","article-title":"Gravitational wave open science center - gwtc-1 confident detection event list","year":"2022"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib65","article-title":"GWTC-1: figure 10","author":"Abbott","year":"2018"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib66","article-title":"gwastro\/pycbc: PyCBC Release (1.17.0)","author":"Nitz","year":"2020"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1611835114","volume":"114","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2021.100657","volume":"13","author":"Macleod","year":"2021","journal-title":"SoftwareX"},{"key":"mlstacd90fbib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1109\/MCSE.2007.55","volume":"9","author":"Hunter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Eng."}],"container-title":["Machine Learning: Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/acd90f","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/acd90f\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/acd90f","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/acd90f\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/acd90f\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/acd90f\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/acd90f\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/acd90f\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T10:05:27Z","timestamp":1692785127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/acd90f"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/acd90f","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-2153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-2153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Denoising gravitational-wave signals from binary black holes with a dilated convolutional autoencoder","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Machine Learning: Science and Technology","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2022-06-09","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2023-05-25","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2023-08-23","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}