{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T01:12:22Z","timestamp":1774573942169,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004561","name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AP13067834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP13067834"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004561","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012632","name":"Nazarbayev University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["11022021FD2912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11022021FD2912"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We investigate the potential of using gravitational wave (GW) signals from rotating core-collapse supernovae to probe the equation of state (EOS) of nuclear matter. By generating GW signals from simulations with various EOSs, we train machine learning models to classify them and evaluate their performance. Our study builds on previous work by examining how different machine learning models, parameters, and data preprocessing techniques impact classification accuracy. We test convolutional and recurrent neural networks, as well as six classical algorithms: random forest, support vector machines, na\u00efve Bayes(NB), logistic regression, <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>-nearest neighbors, and eXtreme gradient boosting. All models, except NB, achieve over 90 per cent accuracy on our dataset. Additionally, we assess the impact of approximating the GW signal using the general relativistic effective potential (GREP) on EOS classification. We find that models trained on GREP data exhibit low classification accuracy. However, normalizing time by the peak signal frequency, which partially compensates for the absence of the time dilation effect in GREP, leads to a notable improvement in accuracy. Despite this, the accuracy does not exceed 70 per cent, suggesting that GREP lacks the precision necessary for EOS classification. Finally, our study has several limitations, including the omission of detector noise and the focus on a single progenitor mass model, which will be addressed in future works.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2632-2153\/ada33a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T22:58:26Z","timestamp":1735081106000},"page":"045077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluating machine learning models for supernova gravitational wave signal classification"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2656-7294","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Y Sultan","family":"Abylkairov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew C","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniil","family":"Orel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayan","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4601-7065","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bekdaulet","family":"Shukirgaliyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernazar","family":"Abdikamalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"mlstada33abib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.116.131103","article-title":"GW150914: the advanced LIGO detectors in the era of first discoveries","volume":"116","author":"LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"mlstada33abib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.119.161101","article-title":"GW170817: observation of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiral","volume":"119","author":"LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"mlstada33abib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L5","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ac082e","article-title":"Observation of gravitational waves from two neutron star\u2013black hole coalescences","volume":"915","author":"Ligo Scientific Collaboration and VIRGO Collaboration and KAGRA Collaboration","year":"(2021)","journal-title":"Astrophys. J. Lett."},{"key":"mlstada33abib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crhy.2013.01.008","article-title":"Multiple physical elements to determine the gravitational-wave signatures of core-collapse supernovae","volume":"14","author":"Kotake","year":"2013","journal-title":"C. R. Phys."},{"key":"mlstada33abib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L96","DOI":"10.1093\/mnrasl\/sly055","article-title":"Circular polarization of gravitational waves from non-rotating supernova cores: a new probe into the pre-explosion hydrodynamics","volume":"477","author":"Hayama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"mlstada33abib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.100.055802","article-title":"equation of state effects in the core collapse of a 20 -M \u2299 star","volume":"100","author":"Schneider","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"mlstada33abib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.101.084002","article-title":"Optically targeted search for gravitational waves emitted by core-collapse supernovae during the first and second observing runs of advanced ligo and advanced virgo","volume":"101","author":"LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration and ASAS-SN Collaboration and DLT40 Collaboration","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.110.042007","article-title":"Optically targeted search for gravitational waves emitted by core-collapse supernovae during the third observing run of advanced ligo and advanced virgo","volume":"110","author":"Szczepa\u0144czyk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.105.063018","article-title":"Inferring astrophysical parameters of core-collapse supernovae from their gravitational-wave emission","volume":"105","author":"Powell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.93.042002","article-title":"Observing gravitational waves from core-collapse supernovae in the advanced detector era","volume":"93","author":"Gossan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/778\/2\/164","article-title":"Observing the next galactic supernova","volume":"778","author":"Adams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.100.043026","article-title":"Detection prospects of core-collapse supernovae with supernova-optimized third-generation gravitational-wave detectors","volume":"100","author":"Srivastava","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/730\/2\/70","article-title":"Black hole formation in failing core-collapse supernovae","volume":"730","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L18","DOI":"10.1088\/2041-8205\/779\/2\/L18","article-title":"Gravitational wave signatures in black hole forming core collapse","volume":"779","author":"Cerd\u00e1-Dur\u00e1n","year":"2013","journal-title":"Astrophys. J. Lett."},{"key":"mlstada33abib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/acfc1c","article-title":"Black hole formation accompanied by the supernova explosion of a 40 M \u2299 progenitor star","volume":"957","author":"Burrows","year":"2023","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nucl-102115-044747","article-title":"Physics of core-collapse supernovae in three dimensions: a sneak preview","volume":"66","author":"Janka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nuclear Part. Sci."},{"key":"mlstada33abib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.85.245","article-title":"Colloquium: perspectives on core-collapse supernova theory","volume":"85","author":"Burrows","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"mlstada33abib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s41115-020-0008-5","article-title":"Hydrodynamics of core-collapse supernovae and their progenitors","volume":"6","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Living Rev. Comput. Astrophys."},{"key":"mlstada33abib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s41115-020-00010-8","article-title":"Physical, numerical and computational challenges of modeling neutrino transport in core-collapse supernovae","volume":"6","author":"Mezzacappa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Living Rev. Comput. Astrophys."},{"key":"mlstada33abib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/762\/2\/126","article-title":"The progenitor dependence of the pre-explosion neutrino emission in core-collapse supernovae","volume":"762","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/788\/1\/82","article-title":"A new multi-dimensional general relativistic neutrino hydrodynamics code for core-collapse supernovae. IV. The neutrino signal","volume":"788","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/760\/1\/94","article-title":"Interplay of neutrino opacities in core-collapse supernova simulations","volume":"760","author":"Lentz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/756\/1\/84","article-title":"A new multi-dimensional general relativistic neutrino hydrodynamics code for core-collapse supernovae. II. Relativistic explosion models of core-collapse supernovae","volume":"756","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1086\/174817","article-title":"Inside the supernova: a powerful convective engine","volume":"435","author":"Herant","year":"1994","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1086\/176188","article-title":"On the nature of core-collapse supernova explosions","volume":"450","author":"Burrows","year":"1995","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L109","DOI":"10.1086\/309604","article-title":"The first second of a type II supernova: convection, accretion and shock propagation","volume":"448","author":"Janka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1086\/345812","article-title":"Stability of standing accretion shocks, with an eye toward core-collapse supernovae","volume":"584","author":"Blondin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1086\/508443","article-title":"Neutrino-driven convection versus advection in core-collapse supernovae","volume":"652","author":"Foglizzo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1086\/519161","article-title":"Simulations of magnetically driven supernova and hypernova explosions in the context of rapid rotation","volume":"664","author":"Burrows","year":"2007","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L22","DOI":"10.1088\/2041-8205\/750\/1\/L22","article-title":"Magnetorotationally driven supernovae as the origin of early galaxy r-process elements?","volume":"750","author":"Winteler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Astrophys. J. Lett."},{"key":"mlstada33abib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L29","DOI":"10.1088\/2041-8205\/785\/2\/L29","article-title":"Magnetorotational core-collapse supernovae in three dimensions","volume":"785","author":"M\u00f6sta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Astrophys. J. Lett."},{"key":"mlstada33abib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4613","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staa096","article-title":"Magnetorotational core collapse of possible GRB progenitors\u2014I. Explosion mechanisms","volume":"492","author":"Obergaulinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"mlstada33abib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ab9308","article-title":"Magnetorotational explosion of a massive star supported by neutrino heating in general relativistic three-dimensional simulations","volume":"896","author":"Kuroda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.astro.43.072103.150558","article-title":"The supernova gamma-ray burst connection","volume":"44","author":"Woosley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"mlstada33abib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1086\/498500","article-title":"The progenitor stars of gamma-ray bursts","volume":"637","author":"Woosley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2011.18280.x","article-title":"The protomagnetar model for gamma-ray bursts","volume":"413","author":"Metzger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"mlstada33abib37","first-page":"p 21","article-title":"Gravitational waves from core-collapse supernovae","author":"Abdikamalov","year":"2022"},{"key":"mlstada33abib38","article-title":"Gravitational waves from neutrino-driven core collapse supernovae: predictions, detection, and parameter estimation","author":"Mezzacappa","year":"2024"},{"key":"mlstada33abib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/707\/2\/1173","article-title":"A model for gravitational wave emission from neutrino-driven core-collapse supernovae","volume":"707","author":"Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L9","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ab191a","article-title":"Characterizing the gravitational wave signal from core-collapse supernovae","volume":"876","author":"Radice","year":"2019","journal-title":"Astrophys. J. Lett."},{"key":"mlstada33abib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stx618","article-title":"Gravitational wave signals from 3D neutrino hydrodynamics simulations of core-collapse supernovae","volume":"468","author":"Andresen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"mlstada33abib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.107.043008","article-title":"Core collapse supernova gravitational wave emission for progenitors of 9.6, 15 and 25M \u2299","volume":"107","author":"Mezzacappa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.107.103015","article-title":"Gravitational-wave signature of core-collapse supernovae","volume":"107","author":"Vartanyan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.86.024026","article-title":"Correlated gravitational wave and neutrino signals from general-relativistic rapidly rotating iron core collapse","volume":"86","author":"Ott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/766\/1\/43","article-title":"A new multi-dimensional general relativistic neutrino hydrodynamics code of core-collapse supernovae. III. Gravitational wave signals from supernova explosion models","volume":"766","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aac5f1","article-title":"The gravitational wave signal from core-collapse supernovae","volume":"861","author":"Morozova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ab1de2","article-title":"Features of accretion-phase gravitational-wave emission from two-dimensional rotating core-collapse supernovae","volume":"878","author":"Pajkos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/abfb65","article-title":"Determining the structure of rotating massive stellar cores with gravitational waves","volume":"914","author":"Pajkos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.109.063019","article-title":"Determining the core-collapse supernova explosion mechanism with current and future gravitational-wave observatories","volume":"109","author":"Powell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.95.063019","article-title":"Equation of state effects on gravitational waves from rotating core collapse","volume":"95","author":"Richers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ace693","article-title":"Gravitational wave eigenfrequencies from neutrino-driven core-collapse supernovae","volume":"954","author":"Wolfe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4326","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stae1731","article-title":"The gravitational-wave emission from the explosion of a 15 solar mass star with rotation and magnetic fields","volume":"532","author":"Powell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"mlstada33abib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.103.024025","article-title":"Classifying the equation of state from rotating core collapse gravitational waves with deep learning","volume":"103","author":"Edwards","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ac930e","article-title":"Determining the core structure and nuclear equation of state of rotating core-collapse supernovae with gravitational waves by convolutional neural networks","volume":"939","author":"Chao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.98.122002","article-title":"New method to observe gravitational waves emitted by core collapse supernovae","volume":"98","author":"Astone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.102.043022","article-title":"Detection and classification of supernova gravitational wave signals: a deep learning approach","volume":"102","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2632-2153\/ab7d31","article-title":"Core-collapse supernova gravitational-wave search and deep learning classification","volume":"1","author":"Iess","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol."},{"key":"mlstada33abib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.103.063011","article-title":"Deep learning for core-collapse supernova detection","volume":"103","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.105.084054","article-title":"Using supervised learning algorithms as a follow-up method in the search of gravitational waves from core-collapse supernovae","volume":"105","author":"Antelis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3815","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stac698","article-title":"Classification of core-collapse supernova explosions with learned dictionaries","volume":"512","author":"Saiz-P\u00e9rez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"mlstada33abib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stad169","article-title":"Exploring supernova gravitational waves with machine learning","volume":"520","author":"Mitra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"mlstada33abib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.110.104055","article-title":"A generative adversarial network for stellar core-collapse gravitational-waves","author":"Eccleston","year":"2024"},{"key":"mlstada33abib63","article-title":"Residual neural networks to classify the high frequency emission in core-collapse supernova gravitational waves","author":"Morales","year":"2024"},{"key":"mlstada33abib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.110.064037","article-title":"Deep-learning classification and parameter inference of rotational core-collapse supernovae","author":"Nunes","year":"2024"},{"key":"mlstada33abib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3582","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stae714","article-title":"Probing nuclear physics with supernova gravitational waves and machine learning","volume":"529","author":"Mitra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"mlstada33abib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.110.064055","article-title":"Search for core collapse supernovae signals in ligo\u2019s third observation run using a network of gravitational wave detectors integrated with a multiclass convolutional neural network","volume":"110","author":"Faisal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A42","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202142525","article-title":"LSTM and CNN application for core-collapse supernova search in gravitational wave real data","volume":"669","author":"Alberto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"mlstada33abib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20021398","article-title":"Radiation hydrodynamics with neutrinos. Variable Eddington factor method for core-collapse supernova simulations","volume":"396","author":"Rampp","year":"2002","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"mlstada33abib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20052840","article-title":"Exploring the relativistic regime with Newtonian hydrodynamics: an improved effective gravitational potential for supernova simulations","volume":"445","author":"Marek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"mlstada33abib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:200809609","article-title":"Exploring the relativistic regime with Newtonian hydrodynamics. II. An effective gravitational potential for rapid rotation","volume":"489","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"mlstada33abib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aaa893","article-title":"Two-dimensional core-collapse supernova explosions aided by general relativity with multidimensional neutrino transport","volume":"854","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4365\/ab7aff","article-title":"CHIMERA: a massively parallel code for core-collapse supernova simulations","volume":"248","author":"Bruenn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Astrophys. J. Suppl. S."},{"key":"mlstada33abib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stab2161","article-title":"Three-dimensional core-collapse supernovae with complex magnetic structures - I. Explosion dynamics","volume":"507","author":"Bugli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"mlstada33abib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stac1586","article-title":"Three-dimensional simulation of a core-collapse supernova for a binary star progenitor of SN 1987A","volume":"514","author":"Nakamura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"mlstada33abib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3622","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stac3247","article-title":"3D simulations of strongly magnetized non-rotating supernovae: explosion dynamics and remnant properties","volume":"518","author":"Varma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"mlstada33abib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20020563","article-title":"Relativistic simulations of rotational core collapse I. Methods, initial models and code tests","volume":"388","author":"Dimmelmeier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"mlstada33abib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.71.064023","article-title":"Combining spectral and shock-capturing methods: a new numerical approach for 3D relativistic core collapse simulations","volume":"71","author":"Dimmelmeier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218271808011997","article-title":"Waveless approximation theories of gravity","volume":"17","author":"Isenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Mod. Phys. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.54.1317","article-title":"Relativistic numerical model for close neutron-star binaries","volume":"54","author":"Wilson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.79.024017","article-title":"Improved constrained scheme for the Einstein equations: An approach to the uniqueness issue","volume":"79","author":"Cordero-Carri\u00f3n","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20042602","article-title":"CFC+: improved dynamics and gravitational waveforms from relativistic core collapse simulations","volume":"439","author":"Cerd\u00e1-Dur\u00e1n","year":"2005","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"mlstada33abib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.69.084024","article-title":"Gravitational waves from axisymmetric rotating stellar core collapse to a neutron star in full general relativity","volume":"69","author":"Shibata","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S139","DOI":"10.1088\/0264-9381\/24\/12\/S10","article-title":"Rotating collapse of stellar iron cores in general relativity","volume":"24","author":"Ott","year":"2007","journal-title":"Class. Quantum Grav."},{"key":"mlstada33abib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1086\/427203","article-title":"Supernova simulations with boltzmann neutrino transport: a comparison of methods","volume":"620","author":"Liebend\u00f6rfer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1088\/0067-0049\/219\/2\/24","article-title":"An open-source neutrino radiation hydrodynamics code for core-collapse supernovae","volume":"219","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Astrophys. J. Suppl. S."},{"key":"mlstada33abib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/774\/1\/17","article-title":"Core-collapse supernova equations of state based on neutron star observations","volume":"774","author":"Steiner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-9474(91)90452-C","article-title":"A generalized equation of state for hot, dense matter","volume":"535","author":"Lattimer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nucl. Phys. A"},{"key":"mlstada33abib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.83.065808","article-title":"Second relativistic mean field and virial equation of state for astrophysical simulations","volume":"83","author":"Shen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"mlstada33abib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nuclphysa.2010.02.010","article-title":"A statistical model for a complete supernova equation of state","volume":"837","author":"Hempel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucl. Phys. A"},{"key":"mlstada33abib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/748\/1\/70","article-title":"New equations of state in simulations of core-collapse supernovae","volume":"748","author":"Hempel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"mlstada33abib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2007.02.009","article-title":"Nucleosynthesis and remnants in massive stars of solar metallicity","volume":"442","author":"Woosley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"key":"mlstada33abib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.90.044001","article-title":"Measuring the angular momentum distribution in core-collapse supernova progenitors with gravitational waves","volume":"90","author":"Abdikamalov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.93.112004","article-title":"Sensitivity of the advanced ligo detectors at the beginning of gravitational wave astronomy","volume":"93","author":"Martynov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib94","article-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization","author":"Kingma","year":"2017"},{"key":"mlstada33abib95","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Scikit-learn: machine learning in python","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"mlstada33abib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.109.063028","article-title":"Bayesian inference from gravitational waves in fast-rotating, core-collapse supernovae","volume":"109","author":"Pastor-Marcos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"mlstada33abib97","author":"Keil","year":"1997"},{"key":"mlstada33abib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L109","DOI":"10.1093\/mnrasl\/slaa137","article-title":"A 3D simulation of a neutrino-driven supernova explosion aided by convection and magnetic fields","volume":"498","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."}],"container-title":["Machine Learning: Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/ada33a","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/ada33a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/ada33a","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/ada33a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/ada33a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/ada33a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/ada33a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/ada33a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T05:14:23Z","timestamp":1736140463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/ada33a"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2632-2153\/ada33a","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-2153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-2153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Evaluating machine learning models for supernova gravitational wave signal classification","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Machine Learning: Science and Technology","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2024-09-18","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2024-12-23","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-01-06","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}