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Our approach constructs evolving histogram templates with built-in uncertainties, featuring both a statistical variant\u2014extending the classical exponentially weighted moving average\u2014and a machine learning-enhanced version that leverages a transformer encoder for improved adaptability. Experimental validations on synthetic datasets demonstrate the high accuracy, adaptability, and interpretability of these methods. The statistical variant is being commissioned in the LHCb experiment at the large hadron collider, underscoring its real-world impact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2632-2153\/ae0240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T23:48:38Z","timestamp":1756856918000},"page":"035050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["DINAMO: Dynamic and INterpretable anomaly MOnitoring for large-scale particle physics experiments"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6741-5409","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arsenii","family":"Gavrikov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2316-8829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juli\u00e1n","family":"Garc\u00eda Pardi\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0658-1830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Garfagnini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"mlstae0240bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/3\/08\/S08003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider","volume":"3","author":"Aad","year":"2008","journal-title":"JINST"},{"key":"mlstae0240bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/3\/08\/S08004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC","volume":"3","author":"Chatrchyan","year":"2008","journal-title":"JINST"},{"key":"mlstae0240bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/3\/08\/S08005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The LHCb Detector at the LHC","volume":"3","author":"Augusto Alves","year":"2008","journal-title":"JINST"},{"key":"mlstae0240bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/3\/08\/S08002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC","volume":"3","author":"Aamodt","year":"2008","journal-title":"JINST"},{"key":"mlstae0240bib5","first-page":"115","author":"Pol","year":"2022","type":"book"},{"key":"mlstae0240bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/119\/2\/022015","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Online data monitoring in the LHCb experiment","volume":"119","author":"Callot","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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