{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T14:30:41Z","timestamp":1766068241915,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["112-2639-M-002-006-ASP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2639-M-002-006-ASP"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005057","name":"National Tsing Hua University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["113H0001L9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113H0001L9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We propose the use of the \u2018spin-opstring\u2019, derived from Stochastic Series Expansion quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations as machine learning (ML) input data. It offers a compact, memory-efficient representation of QMC simulation cells, combining the initial state with an operator string that encodes the state\u2019s evolution through imaginary time. Using supervised ML, we demonstrate the input\u2019s effectiveness in capturing both conventional and topological phase transitions, and in a regression task to predict non-local observables. We also demonstrate the capability of spin-opstring data in transfer learning by training models on one quantum system and successfully predicting on another, as well as showing that models trained on smaller system sizes generalize well to larger ones. Importantly, we illustrate a clear advantage of spin-opstring over conventional spin configurations in the accurate prediction of a quantum phase transition. Finally, we show how the inherent structure of spin-opstring provides an elegant framework for the interpretability of ML predictions. Using two state-of-the-art interpretability techniques, Layer-wise Relevance Propagation and SHapley Additive exPlanations, we show that the ML models learn and rely on physically meaningful features from the input data. Together, these findings establish the spin-opstring as a broadly-applicable and interpretable input format for ML in quantum many-body physics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2632-2153\/ae107c","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T22:53:11Z","timestamp":1759877591000},"page":"045017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Learning phases with quantum Monte Carlo simulation cell"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1417-0492","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amrita","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3494-7249","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mugdha","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3329-6018","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ying-Jer","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8092-7177","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pochung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"article-title":"Modern applications of machine learning in quantum sciences","year":"2023","author":"Dawid","key":"mlstae107cbib1","type":"preprint"},{"key":"mlstae107cbib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cartre.2022.100231","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A perspective on machine learning and data science for strongly correlated electron problems","volume":"9","author":"Johnston","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbon Trends"},{"key":"mlstae107cbib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-648X\/abb895","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Machine learning for condensed matter physics","volume":"33","author":"Bedolla","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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