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Comput. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Computation-in-memory using memristive devices is a promising approach to overcome the performance limitations of conventional computing architectures introduced by the von Neumann bottleneck which are also known as memory wall and power wall. It has been shown that accelerators based on memristive devices can deliver higher energy efficiencies and data throughputs when compared with conventional architectures. In the vast multitude of memristive devices, bipolar resistive switches based on the valence change mechanism (VCM) are particularly interesting due to their low power operation, non-volatility, high integration density and their CMOS compatibility. While a wide range of possible applications is considered, many of them such as artificial neural networks heavily rely on vector-matrix-multiplications (VMMs) as a mathematical operation. These VMMs are made up of large numbers of multiplication and accumulation (MAC) operations. The MAC operation can be realised using memristive devices in an analog fashion using Ohm\u2019s law and Kirchhoff\u2019s law. However, VCM devices exhibit a range of non-idealities, affecting the VMM performance, which in turn impacts the overall accuracy of the application. Those non-idealities can be classified into time-independent (programming variability) and time-dependent (read disturb and read noise). Additionally, peripheral circuits such as analog to digital converters can introduce errors during the digitalization. In this work, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the impact of device- and circuit-level effects on the VMM in a VCM crossbars. Our analysis shows that the variability of the low resistive state plays a key role and that reading in the RESET direction should be favored to reading in the SET direction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2634-4386\/ac6d04","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T18:16:55Z","timestamp":1651774615000},"page":"034001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Reliability aspects of binary vector-matrix-multiplications using ReRAM devices"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2892-9837","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher","family":"Bengel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0815-3047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Mohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2820-9677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Wiefels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2729-7057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhairaj","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5909-4927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anteneh","family":"Gebregiorgis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1590-0365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajendra","family":"Bishnoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8961-0387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Said","family":"Hamdioui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9080-8980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer","family":"Waser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Wouters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4258-2673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Menzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"nceac6d04bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-019-0159-3","article-title":"Resistive switching materials for information processing","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2021-12-23","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2022-05-05","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2022-06-22","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}