{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T01:57:38Z","timestamp":1776218258584,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU Horizon 2020 NeuTouch","award":["813713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["813713"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuromorph. Comput. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In the brain, information is encoded, transmitted and used to inform behaviour at the level of timing of action potentials distributed over population of neurons. To implement neural-like systems in silico, to emulate neural function, and to interface successfully with the brain, neuromorphic circuits need to encode information in a way compatible to that used by populations of neuron in the brain. To facilitate the cross-talk between neuromorphic engineering and neuroscience, in this review we first critically examine and summarize emerging recent findings about how population of neurons encode and transmit information. We examine the effects on encoding and readout of information for different features of neural population activity, namely the sparseness of neural representations, the heterogeneity of neural properties, the correlations among neurons, and the timescales (from short to long) at which neurons encode information and maintain it consistently over time. Finally, we critically elaborate on how these facts constrain the design of information coding in neuromorphic circuits. We focus primarily on the implications for designing neuromorphic circuits that communicate with the brain, as in this case it is essential that artificial and biological neurons use compatible neural codes. However, we also discuss implications for the design of neuromorphic systems for implementation or emulation of neural computation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2634-4386\/acaf9c","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T22:26:50Z","timestamp":1672784810000},"page":"012001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Constraints on the design of neuromorphic circuits set by the properties of neural population codes"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1700-8909","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefano","family":"Panzeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ella","family":"Janotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Peque\u00f1o-Zurro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Bonato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Bartolozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"nceacaf9cbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-020-0448-2","article-title":"How we created neuromorphic engineering","volume":"3","author":"Mead","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2634-4386\/ac4a83","article-title":"2022 roadmap on neuromorphic computing and engineering","volume":"2","author":"Christensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuromorph. Comput. Eng."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2014.2313954","article-title":"Neuromorphic electronic circuits for building autonomous cognitive systems","volume":"102","author":"Chicca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-020-00754-y","article-title":"Photonics for artificial intelligence and neuromorphic computing","volume":"15","author":"Shastri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Photon."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-018-0103-3","article-title":"Organic electronics for neuromorphic computing","volume":"1","author":"van de Burgt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5143659","article-title":"Emerging materials in neuromorphic computing: guest editorial","volume":"8","author":"Burr","year":"2020","journal-title":"APL Mater."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3468","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1212083110","article-title":"Synthesizing cognition in neuromorphic electronic systems","volume":"110","author":"Neftci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00012","article-title":"Large-scale neuromorphic spiking array processors: a quest to mimic the brain","volume":"12","author":"Thakur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2006.883007","article-title":"Dynamically reconfigurable silicon array of spiking neurons with conductance-based synapses","volume":"18","author":"Vogelstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2015.2479256","article-title":"A neuromorphic event-based neural recording system for smart brain-machine-interfaces","volume":"9","author":"Corradi","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2019.2944486","article-title":"Towards intelligent intracortical BMI (iBMI): low-power neuromorphic decoders that outperform Kalman filters","volume":"13","author":"Shaikh","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2021.3131116","article-title":"A neuromorphic brain interface based on RRAM crossbar arrays for high throughput real-time spike sorting","volume":"69","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2021.10.012","article-title":"Neural interface systems with on-device computing: machine learning and neuromorphic architectures","volume":"72","author":"Yoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa67a9","article-title":"Neuromorphic neural interfaces: from neurophysiological inspiration to biohybrid coupling with nervous systems","volume":"14","author":"Broccard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/10\/3\/036008","article-title":"Design and validation of a real-time spiking-neural-network decoder for brain\u2013machine interfaces","volume":"10","author":"Dethier","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57454-4","article-title":"Morphological neural computation restores discrimination of naturalistic textures in trans-radial amputees","volume":"10","author":"Mazzoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2020.3036091","article-title":"1225-channel neuromorphic retinal-prosthesis SoC with localized temperature-regulation","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58831-9","article-title":"Memristive synapses connect brain and silicon spiking neurons","volume":"10","author":"Serb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00563","article-title":"A bidirectional brain-machine interface featuring a neuromorphic hardware decoder","volume":"10","author":"Boi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2019.07.046","article-title":"A neuromorphic prosthesis to restore communication in neuronal networks","volume":"19","author":"Buccelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib21","author":"Zhang","year":"2021"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2566","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065839","article-title":"Independent and redundant information in nearby cortical neurons","volume":"294","author":"Reich","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.11.065","article-title":"Complementary contributions of spike timing and spike rate to perceptual decisions in rat S1 and S2 cortex","volume":"25","author":"Zuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Plant Biol."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06447","article-title":"Behavioural report of single neuron stimulation in somatosensory cortex","volume":"451","author":"Houweling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.07.034","article-title":"Precise holographic manipulation of olfactory circuits reveals coding features determining perceptual detection","volume":"108","author":"Gill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1888","article-title":"Neural correlations, population coding and computation","volume":"7","author":"Averbeck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-022-00606-4","article-title":"The structures and functions of correlations in neural population codes","volume":"23","author":"Panzeri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/35086012","article-title":"Correlated neuronal activity and the flow of neural information","volume":"2","author":"Salinas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00845-1","article-title":"Correlations enhance the behavioral readout of neural population activity in association cortex","volume":"24","author":"Valente","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23020","article-title":"Distinct timescales of population coding across cortex","volume":"548","author":"Runyan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.033","article-title":"Biomimetic intraneural sensory feedback enhances sensation naturalness, tactile sensitivity, and manual dexterity in a bidirectional prosthesis","volume":"100","author":"Valle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2017.2763130","article-title":"An embedded real-time processing platform for optogenetic neuroprosthetic applications","volume":"26","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib33","first-page":"1","author":"Cummings","year":"2011"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2315","article-title":"Regulation of spike timing in visual cortical circuits","volume":"9","author":"Tiesinga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.12.001","article-title":"Sensory neural codes using multiplexed temporal scales","volume":"33","author":"Panzeri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2012.03.008","article-title":"Experimental evidence for sparse firing in the neocortex","volume":"35","author":"Barth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.03.006","article-title":"Sparse and powerful cortical spikes","volume":"20","author":"Wolfe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.05.022","article-title":"A distributed neural code in the dentate gyrus and in CA1","volume":"107","author":"Stefanini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib39","first-page":"217","article-title":"Possible principles underlying the transformation of sensory messages","volume":"1","author":"Barlow","year":"1961","journal-title":"Sens. Commun."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/381607a0","article-title":"Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images","volume":"381","author":"Olshausen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.08.041","article-title":"Neural coding: sparse but on time","volume":"24","author":"Kloppenburg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.07.008","article-title":"Discrete neocortical dynamics predict behavioral categorization of sounds","volume":"76","author":"Bathellier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006908","article-title":"Neural correlates of sparse coding and dimensionality reduction","volume":"15","author":"Beyeler","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1711114115","article-title":"Toward a unified theory of efficient, predictive, and sparse coding","volume":"115","author":"Chalk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5492.744","article-title":"Untangling dendrites with quantitative models","volume":"290","author":"Segev","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.02.006","article-title":"Synaptic integration gradients in single cortical pyramidal cell dendrites","volume":"69","author":"Branco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2010.00024","article-title":"Internal representation of task rules by recurrent dynamics: the importance of the diversity of neural responses","volume":"4","author":"Rigotti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2009.03-08-733","article-title":"Fast and robust learning by reinforcement signals: explorations in the insect brain","volume":"21","author":"Huerta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5456.1273","article-title":"Sparse coding and decorrelation in primary visual cortex during natural vision","volume":"287","author":"Vinje","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16446","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904143106","article-title":"Spiking in primary somatosensory cortex during natural whisking in awake head-restrained rats is cell-type specific","volume":"106","author":"de Kock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5843","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3486-12.2013","article-title":"Coordinated population activity underlying texture discrimination in rat barrel cortex","volume":"33","author":"Safaai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18277","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2631-13.2013","article-title":"Neural codes formed by small and temporally precise populations in auditory cortex","volume":"33","author":"Ince","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060016","article-title":"Sparse representation of sounds in the unanesthetized auditory cortex","volume":"6","author":"Hrom\u00e1dka","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12654","article-title":"Cortical connectivity and sensory coding","volume":"503","author":"Harris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1999.0736","article-title":"Correlations and the encoding of information in the nervous system","volume":"266","author":"Panzeri","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-898X\/14\/1\/303","article-title":"An exact method to quantify the information transmitted by different mechanisms of correlational coding","volume":"14","author":"Pola","year":"2003","journal-title":"Network"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3633","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00919.2005","article-title":"Effects of noise correlations on information encoding and decoding","volume":"95","author":"Averbeck","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1162\/089976699300016827","article-title":"The effect of correlated variability on the accuracy of a population code","volume":"11","author":"Abbott","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-07-02758.1993","article-title":"How independent are the messages carried by adjacent inferior temporal cortical neurons?","volume":"13","author":"Gawne","year":"1993","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3807","article-title":"Information-limiting correlations","volume":"17","author":"Moreno-Bote","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2006.18.8.1951","article-title":"Implications of neuronal diversity on population coding","volume":"18","author":"Shamir","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-120320-082744","article-title":"The geometry of information coding in correlated neural populations","volume":"44","author":"Azeredo da Silveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.07.006","article-title":"Synergistic coding of visual information in columnar networks","volume":"104","author":"Nigam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.12.037","article-title":"Structures of neural correlation and how they favor coding","volume":"89","author":"Franke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108367","article-title":"Pairwise synchrony and correlations depend on the structure of the population code in visual cortex","volume":"33","author":"Koren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.68046","article-title":"Direct extraction of signal and noise correlations from two-photon calcium imaging of ensemble neuronal activity","volume":"10","author":"Rupasinghe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2484","article-title":"Functional organization and population dynamics in the mouse primary auditory cortex","volume":"13","author":"Rothschild","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110878","article-title":"Sequential transmission of task-relevant information in cortical neuronal networks","volume":"39","author":"Francis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2072-19.2019","article-title":"Information-limiting correlations in large neural populations","volume":"40","author":"Bartolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20722-y","article-title":"Scaling of sensory information in large neural populations shows signatures of information-limiting correlations","volume":"12","author":"Kafashan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2009.0082","article-title":"The impact of high-order interactions on the rate of synchronous discharge and information transmission in somatosensory cortex","volume":"367","author":"Montani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2130-2","article-title":"Fundamental bounds on the fidelity of sensory cortical coding","volume":"580","author":"Rumyantsev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1038\/370140a0","article-title":"Correlated neuronal discharge rate and its implications for psychophysical performance","volume":"370","author":"Zohary","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E6973","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508738112","article-title":"Origin of information-limiting noise correlations","volume":"112","author":"Kanitscheider","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080694","article-title":"Reliable neuronal systems: the importance of heterogeneity","volume":"8","author":"Lengler","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2015.2447016","article-title":"Heterogeneity and efficiency in the brain","volume":"103","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14272","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2539-11.2011","article-title":"The effect of noise correlations in populations of diversely tuned neurons","volume":"31","author":"Ecker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5725","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1621493114","article-title":"Cholinergic shaping of neural correlations","volume":"114","author":"Minces","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1162\/089976602753284482","article-title":"Representational accuracy of stochastic neural populations","volume":"14","author":"Wilke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12160","article-title":"The importance of mixed selectivity in complex cognitive tasks","volume":"497","author":"Rigotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2022.102644","article-title":"The implications of categorical and category-free mixed selectivity on representational geometries","volume":"77","author":"Kaufman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02751-7","article-title":"How the brain uses time to represent and process visual information","volume":"886","author":"Victor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097779","article-title":"Robust temporal coding in the trigeminal system","volume":"304","author":"Jones","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00593.2007","article-title":"Role of precise spike timing in coding of dynamic vibrissa stimuli in somatosensory thalamus","volume":"98","author":"Montemurro","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9216","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1491-06.2006","article-title":"Deciphering the spike train of a sensory neuron: counts and temporal patterns in the rat whisker pathway","volume":"26","author":"Arabzadeh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06105","article-title":"Temporal precision in the neural code and the timescales of natural vision","volume":"449","author":"Butts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.01-01-00040.1981","article-title":"Neuronal and behavioral sensitivity to binaural time differences in the owl","volume":"1","author":"Moiseff","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/383076a0","article-title":"A neuronal learning rule for sub-millisecond temporal coding","volume":"383","author":"Gerstner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16976","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1012656107","article-title":"Millisecond encoding precision of auditory cortex neurons","volume":"107","author":"Kayser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4785","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4330-05.2006","article-title":"Plasticity of temporal pattern codes for vocalization stimuli in primary auditory cortex","volume":"26","author":"Schnupp","year":"2006","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00251-3","article-title":"The role of spike timing in the coding of stimulus location in rat somatosensory cortex","volume":"29","author":"Panzeri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.01.008","article-title":"Spike-phase coding boosts and stabilizes information carried by spatial and temporal spike patterns","volume":"61","author":"Kayser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2109","article-title":"Cortical activity patterns predict speech discrimination ability","volume":"11","author":"Engineer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9227","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5995-08.2009","article-title":"Quality time: representation of a multidimensional sensory domain through temporal coding","volume":"29","author":"Di Lorenzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.03.007","article-title":"Neuromorphic sensory systems","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2017.8202153","article-title":"Event-driven encoding of off-the-shelf tactile sensors for compression and latency optimisation for robotic skin","author":"Bartolozzi","year":"2017"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs045","article-title":"Different timescales for the neural coding of consonant and vowel sounds","volume":"23","author":"Perez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001558","article-title":"Multiplexing stimulus information through rate and temporal codes in primate somatosensory cortex","volume":"11","author":"Harvey","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7770778","article-title":"Reliability of spike timing in neocortical neurons","volume":"268","author":"Mainen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.05.011","article-title":"Transformation of perception from sensory to motor cortex","volume":"27","author":"Fassihi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Plant Biol."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24456-3","article-title":"Temporal stability of stimulus representation increases along rodent visual cortical hierarchies","volume":"12","author":"Piasini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4403","article-title":"History-dependent variability in population dynamics during evidence accumulation in cortex","volume":"19","author":"Morcos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01567-9","article-title":"Neural computations that underlie decisions about sensory stimuli","volume":"5","author":"Gold","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.12.036","article-title":"Cracking the neural code for sensory perception by combining statistics, intervention, and behavior","volume":"93","author":"Panzeri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.03.016","article-title":"Not noisy, just wrong: the role of suboptimal inference in behavioral variability","volume":"74","author":"Beck Jeffrey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007614","article-title":"Stimulus-choice (mis)alignment in primate area MT","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.03.042","article-title":"High-precision coding in visual cortex","volume":"184","author":"Stringer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09178","article-title":"Sparse coding and high-order correlations in fine-scale cortical networks","volume":"466","author":"Ohiorhenuan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3707","article-title":"Population code in mouse V1 facilitates readout of natural scenes through increased sparseness","volume":"17","author":"Froudarakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/6.2.93","article-title":"A brief history of time (constants)","volume":"6","author":"Koch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.03.016","article-title":"Integrative properties of radial oblique dendrites in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons","volume":"50","author":"Losonczy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005497","article-title":"Robust information propagation through noisy neural circuits","volume":"13","author":"Zylberberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5936","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900573106","article-title":"Ruling out and ruling in neural codes","volume":"106","author":"Jacobs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2211","article-title":"Millisecond-scale differences in neural activity in auditory cortex can drive decisions","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15142","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1411-12.2012","article-title":"Differences in sensitivity to neural timing among cortical areas","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaba2357","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba2357","article-title":"Manipulating synthetic optogenetic odors reveals the coding logic of olfactory perception","volume":"368","author":"Chong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09388-3","article-title":"Deviation from the matching law reflects an optimal strategy involving learning over multiple timescales","volume":"10","author":"Iigaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2004.07.007","article-title":"Sparse coding of sensory inputs","volume":"14","author":"Olshausen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.1193","article-title":"Natural image statistics and neural representation","volume":"24","author":"Simoncelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib120","first-page":"accepted","article-title":"Biologically plausible solutions for spiking networks with efficient coding","author":"Koren","year":"2022"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2007.914337","article-title":"A 128 x 128 120 dB 15 us latency asynchronous temporal contrast vision sensor","volume":"43","author":"Lichtsteiner","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2016.2561818","article-title":"Spike-based readout of POSFET tactile sensors","volume":"64","author":"Caviglia","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2010.2085952","article-title":"A QVGA 143 dB dynamic range frame-free PWM image sensor with lossless pixel-level video compression and time-domain CDS","volume":"46","author":"Posch","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00115","article-title":"A review of current neuromorphic approaches for vision, auditory, and olfactory sensors","volume":"10","author":"Vanarse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2007.19.10.2581","article-title":"Synaptic dynamics in analog VLSI","volume":"19","author":"Bartolozzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2011.00073","article-title":"Neuromorphic silicon neuron circuits","volume":"5","author":"Indiveri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2017.2788865","article-title":"O(N)O(N)-space spatiotemporal filter for reducing noise in neuromorphic vision sensors","volume":"9","author":"Khodamoradi","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib128","article-title":"The state of sparsity in deep neural networks","author":"Gale","year":"2019"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS45731.2020.9180628","article-title":"Visual pattern recognition with on on-chip learning: towards a fully neuromorphic approach","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2020"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3108047","article-title":"An event-based digital time difference encoder model implementation for neuromorphic systems","volume":"33","author":"Gutierrez-Galan","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39802-5_23","article-title":"Spatio-temporal spike pattern classification in neuromorphic systems","author":"Sheik","year":"2013"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00137","article-title":"On event-based optical flow detection","volume":"9","author":"Brosch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.6.021023","article-title":"Effect of heterogeneity on decorrelation mechanisms in spiking neural networks: a neuromorphic-hardware study","volume":"6","author":"Pfeil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. X"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2013.6706828","article-title":"Neuromorphic learning towards nano second precision","author":"Pfeil","year":"2013"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-070815-013851","article-title":"Correlations and neuronal population information","volume":"39","author":"Kohn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3711","article-title":"Partitioning neuronal variability","volume":"17","author":"Goris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2006.12.005","article-title":"The tripartite synapse: roles for gliotransmission in health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Halassa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2116507119","article-title":"Distinct ensembles in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus are associated with diverse cortical states","volume":"119","author":"Noei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04782-2","article-title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of noradrenaline during learned behaviour","volume":"606","author":"Breton-Provencher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s11571-013-9241-5","article-title":"Effect of inhibitory feedback on correlated firing of spiking neural network","volume":"7","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cogn. Neurodyn."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3474-11.2012","article-title":"Neural correlation is stimulus modulated by feedforward inhibitory circuitry","volume":"32","author":"Middleton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2018.07.015","article-title":"Inhibitory interneurons regulate temporal precision and correlations in cortical circuits","volume":"41","author":"Cardin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1162\/NECO_a_00621","article-title":"The competing benefits of noise and heterogeneity in neural coding","volume":"26","author":"Hunsberger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0339","DOI":"10.21468\/SciPostPhys.12.1.039","article-title":"Spiking neuromorphic chip learns entangled quantum states","volume":"12","author":"Czischek","year":"2022","journal-title":"SciPost Phys."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2021.08.013","article-title":"Emulating dendritic computing paradigms on analog neuromorphic hardware","volume":"489","author":"Kaiser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib146","author":"Liu","year":"2002"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1145\/1837274.1837495","article-title":"Impact of process variations on emerging memristor","author":"Niu","year":"2010"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.867027","article-title":"Parallelization of neural processing on neuromorphic hardware","volume":"16","author":"Peres","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.1989.572629","article-title":"Matching properties of MOS transistors","volume":"24","author":"Pelgrom","year":"1989","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00481-0","article-title":"Population coding of stimulus location in rat somatosensory cortex","volume":"32","author":"Petersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.10.26.513846","article-title":"Brain-inspired methods for achieving robust computation in heterogeneous mixed-signal neuromorphic processing systems","author":"Zendrikov","year":"2022"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2014.2310713","article-title":"Stochastic electronics: a neuro-inspired design paradigm for integrated circuits","volume":"102","author":"Hamilton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2014.2310593","article-title":"Noise as a resource for computation and learning in networks of spiking neurons","volume":"102","author":"Maass","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5791","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26022-3","article-title":"Neural heterogeneity promotes robust learning","volume":"12","author":"Perez-Nieves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/BioCAS.2015.7348416","article-title":"Device mismatch in a neuromorphic system implements random features for regression","author":"Richter","year":"2015"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2017.2756878","article-title":"An analogue neuromorphic co-processor that utilizes device mismatch for learning applications","volume":"65","author":"Thakur","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1162\/NECO_a_00703","article-title":"What can neuromorphic event-driven precise timing add to spike-based pattern recognition?","volume":"27","author":"Akolkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00011","article-title":"Discrimination of dynamic tactile contact by temporally precise event sensing in spiking neuromorphic networks","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2010.2089556","article-title":"Silicon-neuron design: a dynamical systems approach","volume":"58","author":"Arthur","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2017.2754383","article-title":"An ultralow leakage synaptic scaling homeostatic plasticity circuit with configurable time scales up to 100 ks","volume":"11","author":"Qiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5142089","article-title":"A recipe for creating ideal hybrid memristive-CMOS neuromorphic processing systems","volume":"116","author":"Chicca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2011.00149","article-title":"Robust working memory in an asynchronously spiking neural network realized with neuromorphic VLSI","volume":"5","author":"Giulioni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOCAS.2018.8584674","article-title":"Processing EMG signals using reservoir computing on an event-based neuromorphic system","author":"Donati","year":"2018"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1109\/NER.2019.8716891","article-title":"Reservoir transfer on analog neuromorphic hardware","author":"He","year":"2019"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101589","article-title":"Plasticity and adaptation in neuromorphic biohybrid systems","volume":"23","author":"George","year":"2020","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00180","article-title":"A neuromorphic implementation of multiple spike-timing synaptic plasticity rules for large-scale neural networks","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1162\/netn_a_00128","article-title":"Long-range temporal correlations in scale-free neuromorphic networks","volume":"4","author":"Shirai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Netw. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2258","article-title":"Noise in the nervous system","volume":"9","author":"Faisal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"nceacaf9cbib169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1109\/101.261888","article-title":"White noise in MOS transistors and resistors","volume":"9","author":"Sarpeshkar","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Circuits Devices Mag."}],"container-title":["Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/acaf9c","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/acaf9c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/acaf9c","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/acaf9c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/acaf9c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/acaf9c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/acaf9c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/acaf9c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T13:14:00Z","timestamp":1674566040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/acaf9c"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"references-count":169,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/acaf9c","relation":{},"ISSN":["2634-4386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2634-4386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Constraints on the design of neuromorphic circuits set by the properties of neural population codes","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2022-07-04","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2023-01-03","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2023-01-24","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}