{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T10:13:12Z","timestamp":1760609592000,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010664","name":"H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["861618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["861618"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PID2021- 122980OB-C54"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021- 122980OB-C54"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/V006029\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/V006029\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuromorph. Comput. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Physical reservoir computing (RC) is a machine learning technique that is ideal for processing of time dependent data series. It is also uniquely well-aligned to <jats:italic>in materio<\/jats:italic> computing realisations that allow the inherent memory and non-linear responses of functional materials to be directly exploited for computation. We have previously shown that square arrays of interconnected magnetic nanorings are attractive candidates for <jats:italic>in materio<\/jats:italic> RC, and experimentally demonstrated their strong performance in a range of benchmark tasks (Dawidek <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic> 2021 <jats:italic>Adv. Funct. Mater.<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:bold>31<\/jats:bold> 2008389, Vidamour <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic> 2022 <jats:italic>Nanotechnology<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:bold>33<\/jats:bold> 485203, Vidamour <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic> 2023 <jats:italic>Commun. Phys.<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:bold>6<\/jats:bold> 230). Here, we extend these studies to other lattice arrangements of rings, including trigonal and Kagome grids, to explore how these affect both the magnetic behaviours of the arrays, and their computational properties. We show that while lattice geometry substantially affects the microstate behaviour of the arrays, these differences manifest less profoundly when averaging magnetic behaviour across the arrays. Consequently the computational properties (as measured using task agnostic metrics) of devices with a single electrical readout are found to be only subtly different, with the approach used to time-multiplex data into and out of the arrays having a stronger effect on properties than the lattice geometry. However, we also find that hybrid reservoirs that combine the outputs from arrays with different lattice geometries show enhanced computational properties compared to any single array.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2634-4386\/ad53f9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T22:26:53Z","timestamp":1717540013000},"page":"024018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Exploring physical and digital architectures in magnetic nanoring array reservoir computers"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6255-3151","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"G","family":"Venkat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I T","family":"Vidamour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9572-5930","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C","family":"Swindells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P W","family":"Fry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M C","family":"Rosamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M","family":"Foerster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M A","family":"Ni\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3146-5401","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S","family":"Stepney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D A","family":"Allwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T J","family":"Hayward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"article-title":"Global neuromorphic computing market size","year":"2023","author":"Spherical Insights","key":"ncead53f9bib1"},{"key":"ncead53f9bib2","first-page":"p 13","volume":"vol 148","author":"Jaeger","year":"2001"},{"key":"ncead53f9bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s13218-012-0204-5","volume":"26","author":"Luko\u0161evi\u010dius","year":"2012","journal-title":"KI-K\u00fcns. Intell."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0119040","volume":"122","author":"Allwood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2019.03.005","volume":"115","author":"Tanaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00287","volume":"2","author":"Paquot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"first-page":"pp 191","year":"2021","author":"Dion","key":"ncead53f9bib7"},{"key":"ncead53f9bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202000085","volume":"2","author":"Mehonic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib9","first-page":"pp 226","article-title":"Memristor-based reservoir computing","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2012"},{"article-title":"Reservoir computing in materio: an evaluation of configuration through evolution","year":"2017","author":"Dale","key":"ncead53f9bib10"},{"key":"ncead53f9bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-023-01352-4","volume":"6","author":"Vidamour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun. Phys."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-022-01091-7","volume":"17","author":"Gartside","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.7.011015","volume":"7","author":"Larger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. X"},{"key":"ncead53f9bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5048199","volume":"28","author":"Canaday","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chaos"},{"key":"ncead53f9bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/17\/6\/015","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ncead53f9bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-019-0118-3","volume":"2","author":"Skj\u00e6rv\u00f8","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Phys."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cap.2013.08.010","volume":"13","author":"Le\u00f3n","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202008389","volume":"31","author":"Dawidek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ac87b5","volume":"33","author":"Vidamour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ncead53f9bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2007.892597","volume":"43","author":"Bordignon","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"08S501","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2165605","volume":"99","author":"Ross","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultramic.2016.08.016","volume":"171","author":"Foerster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultramicroscopy"},{"article-title":"Peem-data-analysis","year":"2021","author":"Venkat","key":"ncead53f9bib23"},{"key":"ncead53f9bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2009.01-09-947","volume":"22","author":"B\u00fcsing","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.2018.0723","volume":"475","author":"Dale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. A"},{"article-title":"Short term memory in echo state networks","year":"2002","author":"Jaeger","key":"ncead53f9bib26"},{"first-page":"pp 376","year":"2020","author":"Jensen","key":"ncead53f9bib27"},{"key":"ncead53f9bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1476","volume":"2","author":"Appeltant","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29260-1","volume":"13","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3685467","volume":"100","author":"Negoita","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.73.094442","volume":"73","author":"Rose","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ncead53f9bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2009.03.005","volume":"3","author":"Luko\u0161evi\u010dius","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0127661","volume":"33","author":"Danilenko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chaos"},{"key":"ncead53f9bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0048982","volume":"119","author":"Papp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14738-1","volume":"12","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.12.024052","volume":"12","author":"Kanao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Appl."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7567\/JJAP.57.120307","volume":"57","author":"Tsunegi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ncead53f9bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fams.2020.616658","volume":"6","author":"Manneschi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Appl. Math. Stat."}],"container-title":["Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/ad53f9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/ad53f9\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/ad53f9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/ad53f9\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/ad53f9\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/ad53f9\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/ad53f9\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/ad53f9\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T11:54:59Z","timestamp":1719489299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/ad53f9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2634-4386\/ad53f9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2634-4386"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2634-4386"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Exploring physical and digital architectures in magnetic nanoring array reservoir computers","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2023-12-12","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2024-06-04","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2024-06-27","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}